Uphuhliso lweshishini lokuthwala
I-China yenye yamazwe asungula ii-rolling bearings ngaphambili kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwee-axle bearings lurekhodwe kwiincwadi zakudala zaseTshayina. Ngokwembono yezinto zakudala kunye nedatha, i-bearings endala yaseTshayina enomzekelo wesakhiwo sanamhlanje se-rolling bearings yavela ngo-221-207 BC (Qin Dynasty) kwiLali yaseXuejiaya, kwiSithili saseYongji, kwiPhondo laseShanxi. Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, ingakumbi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, phantsi kwempembelelo enamandla yohlaziyo kunye nokuvula, ishishini lee-bearings lingene kwixesha elitsha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo olukumgangatho ophezulu.
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, iBritish C. Vallow yayila kwaye yavelisa Iibheringi zeBhola, kwaye bazifake kwiilori zeposi ukuze zivivinywe kwaye iBritish P. Worth yafaka ilungelo lobunikazi le-ball bearing. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, i-HR Hertz yaseJamani yapapasha iphepha malunga noxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano lwee-ball bearing. Ngokusekelwe kwimpumelelo kaHertz, uR. Stribeck waseJamani, u-A. Palmgren waseSweden nabanye benze inani elikhulu lovavanyo, kwaye banegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwethiyori yoyilo lwee-rolling bearing kunye nokubalwa kobomi bokudinwa. Kamva, uNP Petrov waseRussia wasebenzisa umthetho kaNewton we-viscosity ukubala ukungqubana kwee-bearing.
U-O. Reynolds wase-United Kingdom wenza uhlalutyo lwezibalo lokufunyanwa kukaThor waza wafumana i-equation kaReynolds, eye yabeka isiseko sethiyori ye-hydrodynamic lubrication. Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-linear motion bearing luluhlu lweepali zomthi ezibekwe phantsi kwepleyiti ye-skid. Le ndlela isenokuba isusela ekwakhiweni kweGreat Pyramid yaseGiza, nangona kungekho bungqina bucacileyo boku. Ii-linear motion bearing zanamhlanje zisebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo wokusebenza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zisebenzisa ibhola endaweni ye-a irolaIibheringi zomzimba zokuqala ezityibilikayo neziqengqelekayo zenziwe ngomthi. Kukwasetyenziswa neeseramikhi, isafire, okanye iglasi, kwaye intsimbi, ubhedu, ezinye izinyithi, kunye neeplastiki (ezifana nenylon, i-bakelite, iTeflon, kunye ne-UHMWPE) zonke zisetyenziswa rhoqo.
Iibheringi ezijikelezayo ziyafuneka kwiindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kwii-axle zamavili ezinzima kunye nee-spindles zezixhobo zomatshini ukuya kwiindawo zewotshi ezichanekileyo. Uhlobo olulula lwebheringi ejikelezayo yibheringi ye-bushing, eyi-bushing nje ebekwe phakathi kwevili kunye ne-axle. Olu yilo lwatshintshwa kamva ziibheringi eziqengqelekayo, ezathatha indawo ye-bushing yokuqala ngeerola ezininzi ze-cylindrical, nganye yazo esebenza njengevili elahlukileyo. Ibheringi yokuqala ejikelezayo esebenzayo enekheyiji yaveliswa ngumenzi weewotshi uJohn Harrison ngo-1760 ukuvelisa i-chronograph ye-H3.
Umzekelo wokuqala we-ball bearing wafunyanwa kwinqanawa yamaRoma yamandulo efunyenwe kwiLake Nami, e-Itali. Le bhola bearing yokhuni isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa itafile ejikelezayo. Le nqanawa yakhiwa ngo-40 BC. Kuthiwa uLeonardo Da Vinci wachaza uhlobo lwe-ball bearing malunga no-1500. Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingavuthwanga ze-ball bearings, ingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba kuya kubakho ukungqubana phakathi kweebhola, okubangela ukungqubana okongezelelweyo. Kodwa oku kunokuthintelwa ngokubeka ibhola kwikheyiji.
Kwinkulungwane ye-17, uGalileo Galilea wenza inkcazo yokuqala yeebheringi zebhola "ezilungisiweyo", okanye "ibhola yekheji". Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha elide, ukufakwa kweebheringi kumatshini akukafezekiswa. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wokuqala webhokisi yebhola lanikwa nguPhilip Vaughan waseCarmarthen ngo-1794.
Ngowe-1883, uFriedrich Fischer wacebisa ingcamango yokusebenzisa umatshini wokuvelisa ofanelekileyo ukugawula iibhola zentsimbi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kwaye zijikeleze ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kwabeka isiseko sokudalwa koshishino oluzimeleyo lokuthwala iibheringi. “I-Fischers Automatische Guß Ii-initials ze-stahlkugelfabrik okanye i-Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft zaba luphawu lwentengiso, olubhaliswe ngomhla wama-29 kuJulayi 1905.
Ngo-1962, uphawu lwentengiso lwe-FAG lwatshintshwa kwaye lusasetyenziswa nanamhlanje, lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkampani ngo-1979.
Ngo-1895, uHenry Timken wayila i-roller bearing yokuqala ethambileyo, awayinika ilungelo lomenzi wechiza emva kweminyaka emithathu waza waseka iTimken.
Ngo-1907, uSven Winqvist wefektri ye-SKF Bearing wayila iibheringi zokuqala zebhola ezizilungelelanisayo zanamhlanje.
I-Bearing yinxalenye ebalulekileyo esisiseko yazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zoomatshini, kwaye ukuchaneka kwayo, ukusebenza kwayo, ubomi bayo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchanekeni, ukusebenza kwayo, ubomi bayo kunye nokuthembeka komninimzi. Kwiimveliso zoomatshini, ii-bearing zezemveliso ezichanekileyo, azidingi nje inkxaso epheleleyo yezibalo, ifiziksi kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi, kodwa zikwafuna nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yonyango lobushushu, iteknoloji yokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa, iteknoloji yolawulo lwamanani kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zamanani kunye neteknoloji enamandla yekhompyutha kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi zokukhonza, ngoko ke i-bearing imele amandla esayensi netekhnoloji yesizwe yemveliso.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini adumileyo kwihlabathi liphela angene kwimarike yeebheringi zaseTshayina aza aseka iziseko zemveliso, ezifana neSweden SKF Group, iGermany Schaeffler Group, iUnited States Timken Company, iJapan's NSK Company, iNTN Company njalo njalo. Ezi nkampani azipheleli nje kwimisebenzi yehlabathi, kodwa zikwayimveliso yehlabathi, zixhomekeke kwiingenelo zophawu, izixhobo, ubuchwepheshe, imali kunye nomlinganiselo wemveliso, kwaye amashishini eebheringi zasekhaya aqalise ukhuphiswano olukhulu. Ngophuhliso lweshishini leebheringi zaseTshayina, ulwakhiwo lwemveliso yesingxobo seshaft luya kutshintsha, umlinganiselo weemveliso zayo eziphezulu kwimveliso uya kwanda, ixabiso leyunithi yentengiso nalo liya kwanda, imveliso yeebheringi zaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba ibe sisiseko esikhulu semveliso kunye nentengiso yeebheringi kwihlabathi.
Njengoko ukhuphiswano luqhubeka luqina kushishino lokuvelisa iibheringi, ukudibana nokuthengwa kunye nemisebenzi yenkunzi phakathi kwamashishini amakhulu okuvelisa iibheringi kuyanda, kwaye amashishini okuvelisa iibheringi ezintle zasekhaya anikela ingqalelo engakumbi kuphando lwemarike yoshishino, ingakumbi uphando olunzulu lwemeko yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye nabathengi bemveliso. Ngenxa yoku, inani elikhulu leempawu zokuvelisa iibheringi ezintle zasekhaya linyuke ngokukhawuleza kwaye kancinci kancinci laba yinkokeli kushishino lokuvelisa iibheringi!
