Ci gaban masana'antu

Kasar Sin tana daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kirkiri bearings na birgima a baya a duniya, kuma an rubuta tsarin bearings na axle a cikin tsoffin littattafan kasar Sin. Daga mahangar kayan tarihi da bayanai, bearings na kasar Sin mafi tsufa tare da samfurin tsarin bearings na birgima na zamani ya bayyana a tsakanin 221-207 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (Duniyar Qin) a kauyen Xuejiaya, gundumar Yongji, lardin Shanxi. Bayan kafuwar sabuwar kasar Sin, musamman tun daga shekarun 1970, karkashin karfin sauye-sauye da bude kofa, masana'antar bearings ta shiga wani sabon lokaci na ci gaba mai inganci.

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 17, British C. Vallow ya tsara kuma ya ƙera shi Bearings na ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma an sanya su a kan motocin aika saƙo don gwaji kuma P. Worth na Burtaniya ya ba da lasisin bearing ɗin ƙwallon. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, HR Hertz na Jamus ya buga wata takarda kan matsin lamba na bearing ɗin ƙwallon. Dangane da nasarorin Hertz, R. Stribeck na Jamus, A. Palmgren na Sweden da sauransu sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa, kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ka'idar ƙira na bearing ɗin birgima da lissafin rayuwar gajiya. Daga baya, NP Petrov na Rasha ya yi amfani da dokar ɗanko ta Newton don ƙididdige gogayya ta bearing.

O. Reynolds na Burtaniya ya yi nazarin lissafi game da gano Thor kuma ya samo lissafin Reynolds, wanda tun daga lokacin ya kafa harsashin ka'idar man shafawa mai amfani da ruwa. Tsarin farko na bearing na motsi mai layi shine layin sandunan katako da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin farantin skid. Fasahar na iya samo asali ne tun lokacin gina Babban Pyramid na Giza, kodayake babu wata shaida bayyananna game da wannan. Bearing na motsi na layi na zamani suna amfani da irin wannan ƙa'idar aiki, amma wani lokacin suna amfani da ƙwallo maimakon abin nadiAn yi amfani da bearings na farko da ke zamewa da birgima da itace. Haka kuma ana amfani da yumbu, saffir, ko gilashi, kuma ana amfani da ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, sauran ƙarfe, da robobi (kamar nailan, bakelite, Teflon, da UHMWPE) a ko'ina.

Ana buƙatar bearings masu juyawa a aikace-aikace da yawa, tun daga axles masu nauyi na ƙafafun da sandunan kayan aikin injin har zuwa sassan agogon da suka dace. Nau'in bearings mai juyawa mafi sauƙi shine bearings mai juyawa, wanda kawai bushing sandwiched ne tsakanin ƙafafun da axle. Daga baya an maye gurbin wannan ƙirar da bearings mai birgima, wanda ya maye gurbin bushing na asali da wasu rollers masu silinda, kowannensu yana aiki kamar wata ƙafa daban. Mai yin agogo John Harrison ne ya ƙirƙiro bearings na farko mai aiki tare da keji a cikin 1760 don samar da H3 chronograph.

An sami misali na farko na bearing ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a kan wani jirgin ruwa na Romawa da aka samu a Tafkin Nami, Italiya. Ana amfani da wannan bearing ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa na katako don tallafawa saman teburin da ke juyawa. An gina jirgin a shekara ta 40 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). An ce Leonardo Da Vinci ya kwatanta wani nau'in bearing ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a kusan shekara ta 1500. Daga cikin abubuwan da ba su da kyau na bearing ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa, wani muhimmin abu shi ne cewa za a yi karo tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin gogayya. Amma za a iya hana wannan ta hanyar sanya ƙwallon a cikin keji.

A ƙarni na 17, Galileo Galilea ya yi bayanin farko game da bearings na ƙwallon "mai gyara", ko "ƙwallon keji". Duk da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci da ya biyo baya, ba a cimma nasarar shigar da bearings a kan na'urar ba. Philip Vaughan na Carmarthen ne ya ba da izinin farko na haƙar ƙwallo a shekarar 1794.

A shekarar 1883, Friedrich Fischer ya gabatar da shawarar amfani da injin samarwa mai dacewa don niƙa ƙwallon ƙarfe masu girman iri ɗaya da kuma zagaye mai kyau. Wannan ya kafa harsashin ƙirƙirar masana'antar bearing mai zaman kanta. "Fischers Automatische Guß Haruffan farko stahlkugelfabrik ko Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft sun zama alamar kasuwanci, an yi rijista a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1905.

A shekarar 1962, an gyara alamar kasuwanci ta FAG kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ita, inda ta zama muhimmin ɓangare na kamfanin a shekarar 1979.

A shekarar 1895, Henry Timken ya ƙera bearing na farko mai tauri, wanda ya yi lasisin mallaka shekaru uku bayan haka kuma ya kafa Timken.

A shekarar 1907, Sven Winqvist na masana'antar SKF Bearing ya ƙera bearings na farko na zamani masu daidaita kansu.

Bearing muhimmin sashi ne na asali na dukkan nau'ikan kayan aikin injiniya, kuma daidaitonsa, aikinsa, rayuwarsa da amincinsa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daidaito, aiki, rayuwa da amincin mai masaukin baki. A cikin kayayyakin injiniya, bearing suna cikin samfuran da suka dace, ba wai kawai suna buƙatar cikakken tallafin lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi da sauran fannoni da yawa ba, har ma suna buƙatar kimiyyar kayan aiki, fasahar maganin zafi, injinan daidaitacce da fasahar aunawa, fasahar sarrafa lambobi da ingantattun hanyoyin lambobi da fasahar kwamfuta mai ƙarfi da sauran fannoni da yawa don yin hidima, don haka bearing wakiltar ƙarfin kimiyya da fasaha na ƙasa na samfurin.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan kamfanoni a duniya sun shiga kasuwar bearing ta kasar Sin kuma sun kafa sansanonin samar da kayayyaki, kamar Sweden SKF Group, Jamus Schaeffler Group, Amurka Timken Company, Japan NSK Company, NTN Company da sauransu. Waɗannan kamfanoni ba wai kawai ayyukan duniya ba ne, har ma da masana'antu a duniya, suna dogara ne da fa'idodin alama, kayan aiki, fasaha, jari da girman samarwa, kuma kamfanonin bearing na cikin gida sun ƙaddamar da gasa mai zafi. Tare da ci gaban masana'antar bearing ta kasar Sin, tsarin samfurin hannun riga zai canza, yawan kayayyakinta masu inganci a cikin samfurin zai karu, farashin naúrar tallace-tallace kuma zai karu, ana sa ran samar da bearing na kasar Sin zai zama babban tushen samar da bearing da tallace-tallace a duniya.

Tare da ci gaba da ƙaruwar gasa a masana'antar kera bearing, haɗakar kayayyaki da saye-saye da ayyukan jari tsakanin manyan kamfanonin kera bearing suna ƙara zama ruwan dare, kuma kamfanonin kera bearing masu kyau na cikin gida suna ƙara mai da hankali kan binciken kasuwar masana'antu, musamman zurfafa bincike kan yanayin ci gaban masana'antu da masu siyan samfura. Saboda haka, adadi mai yawa na samfuran kera bearing masu kyau na cikin gida sun tashi da sauri kuma a hankali suka zama jagora a masana'antar kera bearing!