Kubudirira kweindasitiri yekutakura zvinhu

China ndeimwe yenyika dzakagadzira mabheyaringi ekutenderera kare pasi rose, uye chimiro chemabheyaringi e-axle chakanyorwa mumabhuku ekare echiChinese. Kubva pamaonero ezvakacherwa neruzivo rwezvakacherwa, bearing yekare yeChina ine muenzaniso wechimiro chemazuva ano chebheyaringi chekutenderera chakaonekwa muna 221-207 BC (Qin Dynasty) muXuejiaya Village, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Mushure mekutangwa kweNew China, kunyanya kubva kuma1970, pasi pekukurudzirwa kwakasimba kwekuchinja nekuvhura, indasitiri yemabheyaringi yapinda munguva itsva yekukura nekukurumidza kwepamusoro.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17, British C. Vallow yakagadzira uye yakagadzira Mabheyaringi ebhora, uye vakaaisa pamarori ekutumira tsamba kuti aedzwe uye British P. Worth yakagadzira bhora rekubata. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, HR Hertz wekuGermany akaburitsa bepa pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwekubata kwemabhora ekubata. Zvichibva pakubudirira kwaHertz, R. Stribeck wekuGermany, A. Palmgren wekuSweden nevamwe vakaita bvunzo dzakawanda, uye vakabatsira mukuvandudzwa kwedzidziso yekugadzira mabheyaringi anotenderera uye kuverenga hupenyu hwekuneta. Gare gare, NP Petrov wekuRussia akashandisa mutemo waNewton we viscosity kuverenga kukweshana kwemabheyaringi.

O. Reynolds wekuUnited Kingdom akaita ongororo yemasvomhu yekuwanikwa kwaThor uye akawana equation yaReynolds, iyo yakazotanga hwaro hwedzidziso yehydrodynamic lubrication. Chimiro chekutanga che linear motion bearing mutsara wematanda akaiswa pasi pe skid plate. Nzira iyi inogona kunge yakatangira pakuvakwa kweGreat Pyramid of Giza, kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwakajeka hweizvi. Linear motion bearing dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa musimboti mumwe chete wekushanda, asi dzimwe nguva dzinoshandisa bhora panzvimbo pe a chinotenderera. Mabheya ekutanga emuviri anotsvedza uye anotenderera aigadzirwa nematanda. Zviumbwa zvesimbi, safaya, kana girazi zvinoshandiswawo, uye simbi, mhangura, dzimwe simbi, uye mapurasitiki (akadai senylon, bakelite, Teflon, uye UHMWPE) zvese zvinowanzoshandiswa.

Mabheya anotenderera anodiwa mumabasa akawanda, kubva kuma axles evhiri anorema uye ma spindles emuchina kusvika kuzvikamu zvewachi zvakanyatsonaka. Rudzi rwakareruka rwebheya rinotenderera ibheya rebushing, iro rinongova bushing rakasungirirwa pakati pevhiri ne axle. Dhizaini iyi yakazotsiviwa nemabheya anotenderera, ayo akatsiva bushing yekutanga nemaroller akawanda e cylindrical, rimwe nerimwe rawo raishanda sevhiri rakasiyana. Beya rekutanga rinotenderera rine cage rakagadzirwa nemugadziri wewachi John Harrison muna 1760 kuti agadzire chronograph yeH3.

Muenzaniso wekutanga webhora rinobata bhora wakawanikwa pangarava yekare yeRoma yakawanikwa muLake Nami, Italy. Iri bhora rinobata bhora rehuni rinoshandiswa kutsigira tafura inotenderera. Ngarava iyi yakavakwa muna 40 BC. Leonardo Da Vinci anonzi akatsanangura rudzi rwebhora rinobata bhora kunenge muna 1500. Pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvebhora rinobata bhora, chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti pachava nekukonana pakati pemabhora, zvichikonzera kukweshana kwakawedzerwa. Asi izvi zvinogona kudzivirirwa nekuisa bhora mukeji.

Muzana remakore rechi17, Galileo Galilea akapa tsananguro yekutanga ye "fixed ball", kana kuti "cage ball". Zvisinei, munguva yakareba yakatevera, kuiswa kwema "bearings" pamuchina hakuna kuzadzikiswa. Patent yekutanga ye "ball ditch" yakapihwa naPhilip Vaughan wekuCarmarthen muna 1794.

Muna 1883, Friedrich Fischer akakurudzira pfungwa yekushandisa muchina wekugadzira wakakodzera kukuya mabhora esimbi ane saizi imwe chete uye akatenderera nemazvo. Izvi zvakava hwaro hwekuumbwa kweindasitiri yekutakura mabheyaringi yakazvimirira. “Fischers Automatische Guß Mabhii ekutanga ekuti stahlkugelfabrik kana kuti Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft akava chiratidzo chekutengeserana, chakanyoreswa musi wa29 Chikunguru 1905.

Muna 1962, chiratidzo cheFAG chakachinjwa uye chichiri kushandiswa nanhasi, chikava chikamu chakakosha chekambani muna 1979.

Muna 1895, Henry Timken akagadzira bheyaringi rekutanga rakatetepa, iro raakapa patent makore matatu gare gare ndokutanga Timken.

Muna 1907, Sven Winqvist wefekitori yeSKF Bearing akagadzira mabheyaringi ekutanga ebhora anozvimiririra emazuva ano.

Kutakura chinhu chakakosha pamhando dzese dzemidziyo yemakanika, uye kururama kwayo, kushanda kwayo, hupenyu hwayo uye kuvimbika kwayo zvinoita basa guru mukururamisa, kushanda kwayo, hupenyu hwayo uye kuvimbika kwemugadziri. Muzvigadzirwa zvemakanika, mabheringi ndeezvigadzirwa zvakanyatsonaka, hazvingodi chete rutsigiro rwakakwana rwemasvomhu, fizikisi nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda, asiwo zvinoda sainzi yezvinhu, tekinoroji yekurapa kupisa, tekinoroji yekugadzira nekuyera, tekinoroji yekudzora nhamba uye nzira dzinoshanda dzenhamba uye tekinoroji yekombuta ine simba uye dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzekushandira, saka kubereka kunomiririra simba resainzi netekinoroji renyika yechigadzirwa.

Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani ane mukurumbira pasi rose akapinda mumusika wemabheyaringi eChina uye akatanga zvigadzirwa, zvakaita seSweden SKF Group, Germany Schaeffler Group, United States Timken Company, Japan's NSK Company, NTN Company nezvimwewo. Makambani aya haasi epasi rose chete, asiwo ekugadzira pasi rose, anovimba nemabhenefiti emhando, michina, tekinoroji, mari uye huwandu hwekugadzira, uye makambani emabheyaringi emuno akatanga makwikwi akasimba. Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemubati wemabheyaringi yeChina, chimiro chechigadzirwa cheshaft sleeve chichachinja, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvayo zvepamusoro muchigadzirwa huchawedzera, mutengo wekutengesa uchawedzerawo, kugadzirwa kwemabheyaringi eChina kunotarisirwa kuve hwaro hukuru hwekugadzira nekutengesa hwemabheyaringi pasi rose.

Nekuwedzera kwemakwikwi muindasitiri yekugadzira mabheyaringi, kubatanidzwa nekutenga uye mashandiro emari pakati pemakambani makuru ekugadzira mabheyaringi kuri kuwanda, uye makambani ekugadzira mabheyaringi akanaka emuno ari kuramba achitarisa kutsvagurudzo yemusika weindasitiri, kunyanya kudzidza kwakadzama kwenzvimbo yekuvandudza maindasitiri nevatengi vezvigadzirwa. Nekuda kweizvi, huwandu hwakawanda hwemabhurandi ekugadzira mabheyaringi akanaka emuno hwakawedzera nekukurumidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma hwave hutungamiriri muindasitiri yekugadzira mabheyaringi!