Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuthwala

IShayina ingenye yamazwe asungula ama-rolling bearings ngaphambilini emhlabeni, futhi isakhiwo sama-axle bearings silotshwe ezincwadini zasendulo zesiShayina. Ngokombono wezinto zakudala kanye nedatha, i-bearings endala kunazo zonke eShayina enesibonelo sesakhiwo sesimanje se-rolling bearings yavela ngo-221-207 BC (Qin Dynasty) eXuejiaya Village, eYongji County, eSifundazweni saseShanxi. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweNew China, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngawo-1970, ngaphansi komfutho onamandla wokuguqulwa nokuvulwa, imboni yama-bearings ingene enkathini entsha yentuthuko esheshayo esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, uC. Vallow waseBrithani waklama futhi wakhiqiza Ama-Ball Bearings, futhi wazifaka emalolini eposi ukuze zihlolwe futhi iBritish P. Worth yanikeza ilungelo lobunikazi le-ball bearing. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, i-HR Hertz yaseJalimane yashicilela iphepha ngokucindezeleka kokuxhumana kwama-ball bearing. Ngokusekelwe ezifinyezweni zikaHertz, u-R. Stribeck waseJalimane, u-A. Palmgren waseSweden nabanye benza inani elikhulu lokuhlolwa, futhi banegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwethiyori yokuklama ama-rolling bearing kanye nokubalwa kokuphila kokukhathala. Kamuva, uNP Petrov waseRussia wasebenzisa umthetho kaNewton we-viscosity ukubala ukungqubuzana kwama-bearing.

U-O. Reynolds wase-United Kingdom wenza ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kokutholakala kukaThor futhi wathola i-equation kaReynolds, eye yabeka isisekelo senkolelo-mbono yokugcotshwa kwe-hydrodynamic. Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-linear motion bearing luwumugqa wezingodo zokhuni ezibekwe ngaphansi kwepuleti le-skid. Le ndlela ingase iqale ekwakhiweni kwe-Great Pyramid of Giza, yize kungekho bufakazi obucacile balokhu. Ama-linear motion bearing anamuhla asebenzisa isimiso esifanayo sokusebenza, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi asebenzisa ibhola esikhundleni se-a i-rollerAma-bearings okuqala omzimba ashelelayo nagoqayo ayenziwe ngokhuni. Kusetshenziswa ne-ceramics, i-sapphire, noma ingilazi, kanti insimbi, ithusi, ezinye izinsimbi, kanye nepulasitiki (njenge-nylon, i-bakelite, i-Teflon, ne-UHMWPE) konke kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

Ama-bearings ajikelezayo ayadingeka ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kusukela kuma-axles amasondo anzima kanye nama-spindles amathuluzi omshini kuya ezingxenyeni zewashi ezinembile. Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-bearings ejikelezayo yi-bushing bearing, okuyi-bushing nje ehlanganiswe phakathi kwesondo ne-axle. Lo mklamo kamuva wathathelwa indawo ama-rolling bearings, athatha indawo ye-bushing yokuqala ngama-roller amaningi angama-cylindrical, ngalinye lawo elalisebenza njengesondo elihlukile. I-bearings yokuqala esebenzayo ene-cage yasungulwa ngumenzi wamawashi uJohn Harrison ngo-1760 ukuze kukhiqizwe i-chronograph ye-H3.

Isibonelo sokuqala se-ball bearing satholakala emkhunjini waseRoma wasendulo otholakala eLake Nami, e-Italy. Le-ball bearing yokhuni isetshenziselwa ukusekela itafula elijikelezayo. Lo mkhumbi wakhiwa ngo-40 BC. Kuthiwa uLeonardo Da Vinci wachaza uhlobo lwe-ball bearing cishe ngo-1500. Phakathi kwezici ezahlukahlukene ezingavuthiwe ze-ball bearing, iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuzoba nokushayisana phakathi kwamabhola, okubangela ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe. Kodwa lokhu kungavinjelwa ngokufaka ibhola ekhejini.

Ngekhulu le-17, uGalileo Galilea wenza incazelo yokuqala yama-bearings ebhola "ahleliwe", noma "ibhola lekheji". Kodwa-ke, esikhathini eside esilandelayo, ukufakwa kwama-bearings emshinini akukatholakali. Ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala lomsele webhola lanikezwa nguPhilip Vaughan waseCarmarthen ngo-1794.

Ngo-1883, uFriedrich Fischer waphakamisa umqondo wokusebenzisa umshini wokukhiqiza ofanele ukugaya amabhola ensimbi anobukhulu obufanayo futhi anokuzungeza okunembile. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo sokudalwa kwemboni yokuthwala ezimele. “I-Fischers Automatische Guß Ama-initials stahlkugelfabrik noma i-Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft aba uphawu lokuhweba, olubhaliswe mhla zingama-29 kuNtulikazi 1905.

Ngo-1962, uphawu lokuhweba lwe-FAG lwashintshwa futhi lusasetshenziswa nanamuhla, lwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yenkampani ngo-1979.

Ngo-1895, uHenry Timken waklama i-roller bearing yokuqala ene-tapered, ayiqamba eminyakeni emithathu kamuva futhi wayisungula.

Ngo-1907, uSven Winqvist wefektri ye-SKF Bearing waklama ama-bearings ebhola okuqala azimele anamuhla.

Ukuthwala kuyisici esibalulekile esiyisisekelo sazo zonke izinhlobo zemishini yomshini, futhi ukunemba kwayo, ukusebenza kwayo, impilo yayo kanye nokuthembeka kwayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunembeni, ekusebenzeni, empilweni nasekuthembekeni komnikazi. Emikhiqizweni yomshini, ama-bearings angowemikhiqizo enembile kakhulu, awadingi nje kuphela ukwesekwa okuphelele kwezibalo, i-physics kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi, kodwa futhi adinga isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kokushisa, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngokunemba kanye nokulinganisa, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo kanye nezindlela zezinombolo ezisebenzayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obunamandla kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi yokukhonza, ngakho-ke ukuthwala kumelela amandla esayensi nobuchwepheshe kazwelonke womkhiqizo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi adumile emhlabeni wonke angene emakethe yamabhereli aseShayina futhi asungula izisekelo zokukhiqiza, njengeSweden SKF Group, iGermany Schaeffler Group, i-United States Timken Company, i-NSK Company yaseJapan, i-NTN Company njalo njalo. Lezi zinkampani azigcini nje ngokusebenza emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza umhlaba wonke, zithembele ezinzuzweni zomkhiqizo, imishini, ubuchwepheshe, imali kanye nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza, kanti amabhizinisi amabhereli asekhaya aqalise umncintiswano omkhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-bearing host yaseShayina, isakhiwo somkhiqizo we-shaft sleeve sizoshintsha, isilinganiso semikhiqizo yayo ephezulu emkhiqizweni sizokhuphuka, intengo yokuthengisa nayo izokhuphuka, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhereli aseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi kube yisisekelo sokukhiqiza nokuthengisa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Njengoba ukuncintisana okuqhubekayo embonini yokukhiqiza ama-bearing, ukuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa kanye nokusebenza kwemali phakathi kwamabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza ama-bearing kuya ngokuya kuvama, futhi amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-bearing amahle kakhulu asekhaya anaka kakhulu ucwaningo lwemakethe yemboni, ikakhulukazi ucwaningo olujulile lwendawo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nabathengi bemikhiqizo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza ama-bearing amahle kakhulu asekhaya liye landa ngokushesha futhi kancane kancane laba ngumholi embonini yokukhiqiza ama-bearing!