Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana bearing

ʻO Kina kekahi o nā ʻāina i hana i nā bearings wili ma mua o ka honua, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ʻano o nā bearings axle i loko o nā puke Kina kahiko. Mai ka manaʻo o nā mea kahiko a me nā ʻikepili archaeological, ua ʻike ʻia ka bearings kahiko loa o Kina me ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻano bearing wili hou i ka makahiki 221-207 BC (Qin Dynasty) ma ke kauhale ʻo Xuejiaya, Kalana ʻo Yongji, Kalana ʻo Shanxi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o Kina Hou, ʻoi aku hoʻi mai ka makahiki 1970, ma lalo o ka ikaika o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka wehe ʻana, ua komo ka ʻoihana bearing i kahi wā hou o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17, ua hoʻolālā a hana ʻia e ka Pelekane ʻo C. Vallow Nā Bearings Pōpō, a hoʻokomo iā lākou ma luna o nā kaʻa leka no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a ua patent ʻo P. Worth Pelekane i ka bearing pōpō. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, ua paʻi ʻo HR Hertz o Kelemania i kahi pepa e pili ana i ke kaumaha pili o nā bearings pōpō. Ma ke kumu o nā hoʻokō a Hertz, ua hana ʻo R. Stribeck o Kelemania, ʻo A. Palmgren o Suedena a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kahi nui o nā hoʻokolohua, a ua hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā o nā bearings wili a me ka helu ʻana o ke ola luhi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻopili ʻo NP Petrov o Rusia i ke kānāwai viscosity o Newton e helu i ka friction bearing.

Ua hana ʻo O. Reynolds o ke Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi loiloi makemakika o ka ʻike ʻana a Thor a ua loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike Reynolds, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ke kumumanaʻo o ka lubrication hydrodynamic. ʻO ke ʻano mua o ka bearing neʻe linear he lālani o nā pou lāʻau i kau ʻia ma lalo o ka papa skid. Hiki i ke ʻano hana ke hoʻi i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka Pyramid Nui o Giza, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hōʻike maopopo o kēia. Hoʻohana nā bearings neʻe linear hou i ke kumu hana like, akā i kekahi manawa hoʻohana i kahi pōpō ma kahi o kahi wiliʻO nā bearings kino paheʻe a ʻōwili mua loa i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā keramika, sapeiro, a i ʻole ke aniani, a me ke kila, ke keleawe, nā metala ʻē aʻe, a me nā plastics (e like me ka nylon, bakelite, Teflon, a me UHMWPE) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.

Pono nā bearings wili i nā hana he nui, mai nā axles huila hana kaumaha a me nā spindle mīkini hana a hiki i nā ʻāpana uaki kikoʻī. ʻO ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka bearing wili ʻo ia ka bearing bushing, ʻo ia wale nō kahi bushing i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o ka huila a me ke axle. Ua pani ʻia kēia hoʻolālā ma hope e nā bearings wili, kahi i pani i ka bushing mua me kekahi mau wili cylindrical, kēlā me kēia mea i hana e like me kahi huila kaʻawale. ʻO ka bearing wili mua me ka cage i hana ʻia e ka mea hana uaki ʻo John Harrison i ka makahiki 1760 no ka hana ʻana o ka chronograph H3.

Ua loaʻa kahi laʻana mua o kahi mea hāpai pōpō ma luna o kahi moku Roma kahiko i loaʻa ma Lake Nami, Italia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mea hāpai pōpō lāʻau e kākoʻo i ka papa ʻaina wili. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka moku i ka makahiki 40 BC. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua wehewehe ʻo Leonardo Da Vinci i kahi ʻano mea hāpai pōpō ma kahi o 1500. Ma waena o nā mea ʻōpiopio like ʻole o nā mea hāpai pōpō, ʻo kahi mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kuʻi ma waena o nā pōpō, e hoʻoulu ai i ka friction hou aʻe. Akā hiki ke pale ʻia kēia ma ke kau ʻana i ka pōpō i loko o kahi pā.

I ke kenekulia 17, ua hana ʻo Galileo Galilea i ka wehewehe mua loa o nā bearings pōpō "fixed ball", a i ʻole "cage ball". Eia naʻe, i ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope mai, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ke kau ʻana o nā bearings ma ka mīkini. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka palapala Sila Nui mua no kahi ʻauwai pōpō e Philip Vaughan o Carmarthen i ka makahiki 1794.

I ka makahiki 1883, ua hāpai ʻo Friedrich Fischer i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mīkini hana kūpono e wili i nā pōpō kila o ka nui like a me ka poepoe pololei. Ua hoʻokumu kēia i ke kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana hali kūʻokoʻa. “Fischers Automatische Guß Ua lilo nā huaʻōlelo mua ʻo stahlkugelfabrik a i ʻole Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft i hōʻailona kālepa, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ka lā 29 o Iulai 1905.

I ka makahiki 1962, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hōʻailona kālepa FAG a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, lilo i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hui i ka makahiki 1979.

I ka makahiki 1895, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Henry Timken i ka bearing roller tapered mua, āna i patent ai i ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai a hoʻokumu iā Timken.

I ka makahiki 1907, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Sven Winqvist o ka hale hana SKF Bearing i nā bearings pōpō hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī mua o kēia au.

He mea nui ka bearings i nā ʻano lako mīkini āpau, a ʻo kona pololei, ka hana, ke ola a me ka hilinaʻi e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka pololei, ka hana, ke ola a me ka hilinaʻi o ka mea hoʻokipa. I nā huahana mīkini, no nā huahana kikoʻī nā bearings, ʻaʻole wale nō e pono ai ke kākoʻo piha o ka makemakika, physics a me nā ʻano aʻo ʻē aʻe he nui, akā pono pū kekahi i ka ʻepekema mea, ka ʻenehana mālama wela, ka mīkini kikoʻī a me ke ana ʻana, ka ʻenehana hoʻomalu helu a me nā ʻano helu kūpono a me ka ʻenehana kamepiula ikaika a me nā ʻano aʻo ʻē aʻe he nui e lawelawe ai, no laila he ʻelele ka bearings o ka ikaika ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana aupuni o ka huahana.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo nā ʻoihana kaulana o ka honua i ka mākeke bearing Kina a ua hoʻokumu i nā kahua hana, e like me Sweden SKF Group, Germany Schaeffler Group, ka United States Timken Company, Iapana's NSK Company, NTN Company a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole wale kēia mau ʻoihana i nā hana honua, akā ʻo ka hana honua hoʻi, hilinaʻi lākou i nā pono o ka brand, nā lako, ka ʻenehana, ke kapikala a me ka unahi hana, a ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana bearing kūloko i kahi hoʻokūkū ikaika. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana bearing ma Kina, e loli ke ʻano huahana o ka lima lima, e hoʻonui ʻia ka hapa o kāna mau huahana kiʻekiʻe i ka huahana, e hoʻonui pū ʻia ke kumukūʻai kūʻai aku, a manaʻo ʻia e lilo ka hana bearing a Kina i kumu hana bearing a me ke kūʻai aku nui loa o ka honua.

Me ka hoʻoikaika mau ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻoihana hana bearing, ke lilo nei nā hui ʻana a me nā loaʻa ʻana a me nā hana kapikala ma waena o nā ʻoihana hana bearing nui i mea pinepine, a ke uku nui nei nā ʻoihana hana bearing maikaʻi kūloko i ka noiʻi ʻana o ka mākeke ʻoihana, ʻoiai ke aʻo hohonu ʻana i ke kaiapuni hoʻomohala ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai huahana. Ma muli o kēia, ua piʻi koke ka nui o nā hōʻailona hana bearing maikaʻi kūloko a lilo mālie i alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana hana bearing!