Kukula kwa makampani onyamula katundu

China ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe adapanga ma bearings ozungulira kale padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kapangidwe ka ma axle bearings kalembedwa m'mabuku akale aku China. Kuchokera pakuwona zotsalira zakale ndi deta, bearings yakale kwambiri ku China yokhala ndi chitsanzo cha kapangidwe kamakono ka ma bearings ozungulira idawonekera mu 221-207 BC (Qin Dynasty) ku Xuejiaya Village, Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa New China, makamaka kuyambira m'ma 1970, pansi pa chilimbikitso champhamvu cha kusintha ndi kutsegulira, makampani onyamula ma bearings alowa munthawi yatsopano ya chitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600, British C. Vallow inapanga ndi kupanga Maberamu a Mpira, ndipo adaziyika m'magalimoto onyamula makalata kuti ayesedwe ndipo British P. Worth idapanga patent ya bearing ya mpira. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700, HR Hertz wa ku Germany adasindikiza pepala lonena za kupsinjika kwa ma bearing a mpira. Potengera zomwe Hertz adachita, R. Stribeck wa ku Germany, A. Palmgren wa ku Sweden ndi ena adachita mayeso ambiri, ndipo adathandizira pakukula kwa chiphunzitso cha kapangidwe ka ma bearing ozungulira komanso kuwerengera moyo wotopa. Pambuyo pake, NP Petrov wa ku Russia adagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Newton la viscosity powerengera kukangana kwa bearing.

O. Reynolds wa ku United Kingdom adafufuza masamu a zomwe Thor adapeza ndipo adapeza equation ya Reynolds, yomwe idakhazikitsa maziko a chiphunzitso cha hydrodynamic lubrication. Mtundu woyambirira wa linear motion bearing ndi mzere wa mitengo yamatabwa yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa skid plate. Njirayi ikhoza kukhala yoyambira pakupanga Great Piramidi ya Giza, ngakhale palibe umboni womveka bwino wa izi. Linear motion bearing yamakono imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyo yogwirira ntchito, koma nthawi zina imagwiritsa ntchito mpira m'malo mwa a chozunguliraMa bearing oyambirira otsetsereka ndi ozungulira anali opangidwa ndi matabwa. Ma ceramic, safiro, kapena galasi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo chitsulo, mkuwa, zitsulo zina, ndi mapulasitiki (monga nayiloni, bakelite, Teflon, ndi UHMWPE) zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Ma bearing ozungulira amafunika pazinthu zambiri, kuyambira ma axles a mawilo olemera ndi ma spindles a zida zamakina mpaka zigawo zolondola za wotchi. Mtundu wosavuta wa bearing yozungulira ndi bushing bearing, yomwe ndi bushing yokhazikika pakati pa gudumu ndi axle. Kapangidwe kameneka pambuyo pake kanasinthidwa ndi ma rolling bearing, omwe adalowa m'malo mwa bushing yoyambirira ndi ma cylindrical rollers angapo, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati gudumu losiyana. Bearing yoyamba yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi khola idapangidwa ndi wopanga mawotchi John Harrison mu 1760 kuti apange chronograph ya H3.

Chitsanzo choyambirira cha mpira wonyamula zida chinapezeka pa sitima yakale ya Aroma yomwe inapezeka ku Nyanja ya Nami, Italy. Mpira wonyamula zida uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira tebulo lozungulira. Chombocho chinamangidwa mu 40 BC. Leonardo Da Vinci akuti adafotokoza za mtundu wa mpira wonyamula zida pafupifupi 1500. Pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosakhwima za mpira wonyamula zida, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti padzakhala kugundana pakati pa mipira, zomwe zimayambitsa kukangana kwina. Koma izi zitha kupewedwa poika mpirawo m'khola.

M'zaka za m'ma 1600, Galileo Galilea adafotokoza koyamba za ma bearing a mpira "wokhazikika", kapena "khola". Komabe, patapita nthawi yayitali, kuyika ma bearing pa makina sikunachitike. Patent yoyamba ya dzenje la mpira idaperekedwa ndi Philip Vaughan wa ku Carmarthen mu 1794.

Mu 1883, Friedrich Fischer adapereka lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito makina oyenera opangira zinthu popera mipira yachitsulo ya kukula komweko komanso yozungulira molondola. Izi zinakhazikitsa maziko a makampani odziyimira pawokha okhala ndi ma bearing. “Fischers Automatische Guß Mazina oyamba a stahlkugelfabrik kapena Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft anakhala chizindikiro cha malonda, cholembetsedwa pa 29 Julayi 1905.

Mu 1962, chizindikiro cha FAG chinasinthidwa ndipo chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano, ndipo chinakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la kampaniyo mu 1979.

Mu 1895, Henry Timken adapanga chogwirira choyamba chozungulira, chomwe adachipatsa patent patatha zaka zitatu ndikuyambitsa Timken.

Mu 1907, Sven Winqvist wa fakitale ya SKF Bearing adapanga ma bearing oyamba amakono odziyimira pawokha.

Kuberekera ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la mitundu yonse ya zida zamakanika, ndipo kulondola kwake, magwiridwe antchito, moyo ndi kudalirika kwake kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakulondola, magwiridwe antchito, moyo ndi kudalirika kwa wolandirayo. Mu zinthu zamakanika, maberekera ndi azinthu zolondola kwambiri, sikuti amangofunika thandizo lathunthu la masamu, fizikisi ndi maphunziro ena ambiri, komanso amafunikira sayansi yazinthu, ukadaulo wothira kutentha, ukadaulo wokonza ndi kuyeza molondola, ukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndi njira zogwira mtima zamakanika ndi ukadaulo wamphamvu wamakompyuta ndi maphunziro ena ambiri kuti agwire ntchito, kotero kuberekera ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya sayansi ndi ukadaulo wadziko lonse wa chinthucho.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani odziwika padziko lonse lapansi alowa mumsika wa bere ku China ndipo akhazikitsa maziko opangira zinthu, monga Sweden SKF Group, Germany Schaeffler Group, United States Timken Company, NSK Company ya ku Japan, NTN Company ndi zina zotero. Makampaniwa si ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi zokha, komanso opanga padziko lonse lapansi, amadalira ubwino wa mtundu, zida, ukadaulo, ndalama ndi kukula kwa kupanga, ndipo makampani opanga zinthu m'nyumba adayambitsa mpikisano waukulu. Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga zinthu ku China, kapangidwe ka zinthu za shaft sleeve kasintha, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake zapamwamba mu malonda kudzakwera, mtengo wogulitsa nawonso udzakwera, kupanga zinthu za bere ku China kukuyembekezeka kukhala maziko akuluakulu opanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu za bere padziko lonse lapansi.

Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mpikisano m'makampani opanga ma bearing, kuphatikizana ndi kugula ndi ntchito zazikulu pakati pa makampani akuluakulu opanga ma bearing zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo makampani opanga ma bearing abwino kwambiri m'dziko muno akusamala kwambiri kafukufuku wamsika wamakampani, makamaka kafukufuku wozama wa malo otukula mafakitale ndi ogula zinthu. Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yambiri ya makampani opanga ma bearing abwino kwambiri m'dziko muno yakwera mofulumira ndipo pang'onopang'ono yakhala mtsogoleri m'makampani opanga ma bearing!