Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'amavuta yo gushyiramo ibiremereye

I shyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'ibice binini (Uburyo bw'ingenzi cyane bwo gushyira mu byiciro)

Imashini ikora nk'ikiyiko, ifata amavuta y'ibanze ari muri yo kugira ngo ikore imiterere isa n'umusemburo. Igena uburyo ubushyuhe budashobora kwihanganira, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, ubushobozi bwo kugumana imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo guhuza amavuta.

 

1.Amavuta ashingiye kuri Lithium

Ibiranga: Ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kudacika intege mu buryo bukabije, irwanya amazi, irinda ingese kandi irwanya ubushyuhe buringaniye.

Ubwoko busanzwe

Amavuta akoreshwa muri litiyumu akoreshwa muri rusange: Yujuje ibisabwa mu mavuta menshi ku bushyuhe busanzwe no ku muvuduko uringaniye n'uri hasi.

Amavuta akomoka kuri lithium akoresha umuvuduko ukabije: Yongewe hamwe n'inyongeramusaruro zirwanya kwangirika cyane (nk'umuvuduko wa molybdenum disulfide), ikwiriye amabereti ari munsi y'umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi.

Amavuta ashingiye kuri lithiyumu agoye: Binyuze mu kuyavanga n'andi aside, aho agabanuka (kugeza kuri 260℃) n'igihe cyo gukora ubushyuhe bwinshi byarazamutse cyane, kandi imikorere yayo iruta iyo amavuta asanzwe ashingiye kuri lithiyumu.

Imikoreshereze: Ifite ubwinshi burenga 80% by'uburyo busanzwe bwo gusiga amavuta, uhereye ku bikoresho byo mu rugo kugeza kuri moteri z'inganda n'amapine y'imodoka.

 

2.Amavuta ya polyurea

Ibiranga: Ikora neza cyane mu bushyuhe bwinshi, irakomera kandi iramba. Ifite aho igwa cyane, nta iyoni z'icyuma zikora, kandi ishobora kubuza ogisijeni y'amavuta y'ibanze. Ifite urusaku rwiza, ariko igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru.

Porogaramu: Ibyuma by'ubwikorezi bya moteri (cyane cyane moteri zikora neza cyane na moteri zihindagurika), imiyoboro mu bice bishyuha cyane by'inganda z'ibyuma, hamwe n'imiyoboro ikora neza isaba imiyoboro miremire yo kwisiga.

 

3.Amavuta ashingiye kuri kalisiyumu

Ibiranga: Irwanya amazi neza cyane, ariko irwanya ubushyuhe buke (aho igabanuka ni 80-100℃), kandi ihora ihagaze neza mu buryo busanzwe. Igenda isimburwa buhoro buhoro na esters zishingiye kuri lithium.

Imikoreshereze: Ikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hatose, hakoresha umuvuduko muto kandi horoheje, nko mu mashini z'ubuhinzi n'amapine y'amazi.

 

4.Amavuta akozwe muri calcium sulfonate

Ikiranga: Amavuta meza cyane "agera ku mpande zose". Ahuza imbaraga zikabije zo kurwanya umuvuduko n'ubudasaza, kurwanya amazi, gukumira ingese, kudahinduka mu bushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya ingese, ndetse afite ubushobozi bwo kwivura. Ni ibicuruzwa bigezweho kandi byujuje ubuziranenge.

Imikoreshereze: Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu kazi gakomeye, nk'ibyo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, mu gukora impapuro, mu nyubako zo mu mazi, no mu bindi bidukikije biremereye, bitose kandi byangiza.

 

5. Amavuta akozwe muri Bentonite

Ibiranga: Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe, nta hantu hatonyanga, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (bitewe n'amavuta y'ibanze), ariko ntishobora guhagarara neza mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kandi ishobora kwangirika iyo ishyizwe mu mazi.

Imikoreshereze: Ikoreshwa ahantu hashyuha cyane kandi hakoresha umuvuduko muto, nko mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gutekesha.

6. Amavuta akozwe muri aluminiyumu

Ibiranga: Gufata neza no kudakoresha amazi, ariko kudahindagurika neza mu byuma kandi ntibirinda ubushyuhe.

Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku byuma bitwara umuvuduko muto mu bwato, ibikoresho byo mu mazi n'ibindi bikoresho bimara igihe kirekire bihura n'amazi.

Ii. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'amavuta y'ibanze

Amavuta y'ibanze ni igice cy'amavuta agira uruhare mu gusiga amavuta, agera kuri 90%.

 

1. Amavuta akozwe mu mavuta y'ubutare

Ibiranga: Ihendutse, ifite imikorere iringaniye, kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Ariko, imikorere yayo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke ndetse no kudahinduka kwa ogisijeni ntabwo ari byiza nk'amavuta ya sintetike.

Ikoreshwa: Imiterere rusange n'isanzwe y'akazi.

 

2. Amavuta akozwe mu mavuta yo mu bwoko bwa sintetike

Ibiranga: Ikoresha PAO (polyalphaolefin), amavuta ya ester, nibindi nk'amavuta y'ibanze. Ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi (imikorere myiza yo gutangira ubushyuhe buri hasi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi buhamye), imara igihe kirekire, ihindagurika rike kandi idashobora gushonga neza.

Ubwoko busanzwe

Lipide zishingiye kuri Pao: Zifite imikorere myiza cyane, ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gukora lipide zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike zifite imikorere myiza.

Amavuta ashingiye ku mavuta ya Ester: Akunze gukoreshwa mu bihe aho hari ibisabwa byihariye kugira ngo ibikoresho bihuze.

Imikoreshereze: Ahantu hashyushye cyane (nk'uturere dukonje, imodoka zikoresha amatanura zishyushye cyane), ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko mu gihe kirekire, hamwe n'ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko.

 

Iii. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikorere n'inyongeramusaruro

Inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mu kongera cyangwa guha amavuta imiterere runaka yihariye.

 

1. Amavuta agabanya ubukana bw'umuvuduko ukabije

Ibiranga: Yongerwaho ibintu bitera igitutu gikomeye nka sulfur, fosifore na chlorine, cyangwa ibintu bikomeye birwanya kwangirika nka molybdenum disulfide na grafiti, bishobora gukora firime irinda iyo hari ibintu byinshi.

Ikoreshwa: Amabombo y'imashini zikora cyane, amabombo y'imashini zikora, amabombo y'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro.

 

2. Ibinure biri mu bushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubushyuhe buke

Ibiranga: Gukoresha amavuta y’ibanze ya sintetike n’umusemburo w’ibinyabutabire, bituma idakomera ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane kandi nta gutakaza cyangwa guteka ku bushyuhe buri hejuru cyane.

Ikoreshwa: Amabere y'indege, amabere y'imodoka zidasanzwe, amabere y'ibikoresho bikonjesha.

 

3. Amavuta arwanya ingese n'uburozi burwanya ingese

Ibiranga: Yongewemo imbaraga zo gukumira ingese n'ibikoresho bitera umuvuduko.

Imikoreshereze: Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, mu bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, cyangwa ibikoresho bikenera kubikwa igihe kirekire kugira ngo bibe byakwitabwaho.

4. Amavuta yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa

Ibiranga: Ibikoresho byose byujuje ibisabwa mu kubungabunga umutekano w'ibiribwa nka NSF H1, kandi ntibigira uburozi kandi ntibigira impumuro mbi.

Ikoreshwa: Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu mashini zitunganya ibiribwa, imashini zikora imiti, n'imiyoboro yuzuza ibinyobwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'ibicuruzwa.

Iv. Ni gute wahitamo amavuta akwiye yo kwisiga?

Mu gihe cyo guhitamo, ihame rya "STAMP" rigomba kwitabwaho mu buryo bwuzuye:

 

Umuvuduko wa S (Umuvuduko):Uko umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka uba mwinshi, ni ko ubushyuhe bw'amavuta y'ibanze buba buke, ni ko ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kandi uburyo bworoshye bugatoranywa kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cyo gukangura.

 

T - Ubushyuhe: Urugendo rw'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere rugena ubwoko bw'amavuta y'ibanze (amavuta y'ubutare/amavuta y'ubukorikori) n'ubwoko bw'amavuta agabanya ubushyuhe.

 

Porogaramu ya A / Imbere:Hari amazi, ivumbi cyangwa imiti? Ibi bigena ibisabwa kugira ngo amazi arwanye, yirinde ingese kandi arwanye ingese.

 

M-Umutwaro (Umutwaro):Amavuta arwanya kwangirika cyane agomba gutoranywa ku biremereye cyangwa ku biremereye byangiritse.

 

Igihe (Icyiciro cyo gusiga amavuta):Niba wifuza kongera igihe cyo guhindura amavuta cyangwa kugera ku bikorwa bidasaba ko acungwa neza, ugomba guhitamo amavuta akozwe mu mavuta ya sintetike cyangwa amavuta ya polyurea ahoraho igihe kirekire.

 

Guhitamo amavuta yo kwisiga ni ubuhanga bwo kuringaniza. Kuva ku mavuta y’ubutare ashingiye kuri lithiyumu akoreshwa mu buryo buhanitse kugeza ku mavuta ya polyurea/complex calcium sulfonate akozwe mu buryo buhanitse, uburyo bwo kuyashyira mu byiciro buhura neza n’imiterere n’imbogamizi bitandukanye mu kazi. Guhitamo neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo beringi zikore neza kandi zongere igihe cyo kuzikoresha.