Uburyo bwo guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo guterura

Mu gushushanya imashini, amaberiya, nk'ibice by'ingenzi byo kohereza ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho byabyo bigena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere, igihe bizamara n'icyizere cy'ibikoresho. Iyi ngingo izasobanura neza ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo ibikoresho by'amaberiya uhereye ku bintu nk'ibisabwa ku bikoresho, amahame yo guhitamo, uburyo, amahame ngenderwaho, n'isesengura ry'imanza, kandi isuzume ingaruka zo guhitamo ibikoresho nabi kugira ngo ifashe injeniyeri n'abakora mu nganda kunoza ingamba zabo zo guhitamo.

Ibisabwa by'ibanze ku bikoresho byo gutwara ibintu

Ibikoresho byo guterura bigomba kuzuza ibipimo by'imikorere bifite imiterere myinshi kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza mu gihe cy'akazi kagoye:

1.Ubuziranenge bwinshi n'umwuka muke

Ibintu bitari iby'icyuma (nk'ibinyabutabire na nitride) mu byuma bishobora gutera stress nyinshi, bigatera umunaniro mwinshi cyangwa imivurungano mito. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushongesha ibintu rigabanya oxygene kugeza munsi ya 10ppm binyuze mu gusukura ibintu mu buryo bwa vacuum deoxidation no gutunganya ibikoresho mu buryo bwa kabiri, bikongera cyane igihe cyo kubaho cy'ibikoresho.

2. Ibigize imiti imwe n'ikwirakwizwa rya karubide

Karubide zirimo amazi, karubide zirimo imigozi na karubide zo mu muyoboro bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho. Urugero, iyo igipimo cya karubide zirimo imigozi kigeze ku rwego rwa 3 kugeza kuri 4, igihe cyo kurama kigabanukaho 30%.

3.Uburemere bwinshi n'ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika

Ubukana bw'icyuma gikoreshwa cyane cya chromium ifite karubone nyinshi (nka GCr15) bugomba kugera kuri HRc61 kugeza kuri 65 kugira ngo bushobore kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

4. Ituze ry'ibipimo n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe

Ibikoresho bigomba kugira igipimo gito cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe guhinduka ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Icyuma kidashyuha cyane (nka Cr4Mo4V) gishobora kwihuza n'ibidukikije biri hejuru ya 250°C.

5. Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi

Ibyuma bitangiza amashanyarazi (nk'ubushyuhe bwa 440C) cyangwa ibikoresho bya ceramic bikwiranye n'ibidukikije bihumanya ikirere, nk'ibikoresho bya chimique cyangwa platforms zo mu nyanja.

Amahame yo Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bikoresha Ingufu

1. Ihame ryo guhuza imikorere

Hitamo ibikoresho ukurikije imiterere y'akazi nko gukurura, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka n'ubushyuhe. Urugero:

Umutwaro mwinshi w’inkurikizi: Icyuma gikozwe muri kaburimbo (nk'ibice 20CrNiMo) cyongera ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza binyuze mu gukomera kw'ubuso.

Ahantu hashyuha cyane: Icyuma kidashyuha cyane (nka M50) cyangwa ibumba (nka Si3N4) gishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 300°C.

2. Ihame ry'ubukungu

Kuringaniza ikiguzi n'imikorere y'ibikoresho. Urugero, GCr15 ni yo ikundwa kuruta ibumba rihenze mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora.

3. Ihame ryo kwizerwa

Ibikoresho bigomba gutsinda ibizamini bikomeye (nk'ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge bwa karubide) kugira ngo bikomeze gukora neza igihe kirekire.

4. Ihame ry'uburambe

Shyira imbere guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa (nk'icyuma) cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu nke (nk'ingufu nke zo gushonga) kugira ngo ugabanye umutwaro ubangamira ibidukikije.

Uburyo n'Amahame ngenderwaho byo Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bitwara Ingufu

1. Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bushingiye ku miterere y'akazi

Intambwe ya 1: Sobanura imiterere y'akazi

Harimo ubwoko bw'umutwaro (static/dynamic), umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, urugero rw'ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Intambwe ya 2: Huza imiterere y'ibikoresho

Umuvuduko mwinshi kandi woroshye: Udusanduku twa pulasitiki (nk'udupira twa nylon 66) tugabanya gukururana.

Ingaruka zikomeye: Icyuma cya kaburimbo cyangwa icyuma kidapfa gushonga na karuboni iciriritse (nk'iya G20CrNi2Mo).

Intambwe ya 3: Kugenzura amahame ngenderwaho y'ibikoresho

Reba amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu (nka GB/T 3203) cyangwa amahame mpuzamahanga (nka ISO 683-17) kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubukana n'ubuziranenge by'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa.

2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi by'imikorere

Igipimo gisaba uburyo bwo gutahura

Ikizamini cyo gukomera cya Rockwell ku mpeta z'icyuma za GCr15 ni HRc61 kugeza 65

Uburyo bwo gushonga gaze idakora neza (oxygen) bungana na ≤10ppm (ku byuma by'ubuziranenge).

Ingano za karubide: umugozi ≤2, umuyoboro ≤2.5. Isesengura rya mikorosikopi ya metallographic

Isesengura ry'Urubanza: Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bikoreshwa mu Gukoresha Ibintu Bisanzwe

Igice cya 1: Inzira y'ingenzi y'umuyaga Ingano y'Umugozis

Imiterere y'imikorere: Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzenguruka, umutwaro uremereye, gutangira no guhagarara kenshi.

Guhitamo ibikoresho: Icyuma cya kaburimbo (nk'imashini 18CrNiMo7-6) gifite ubukonje bukabije, gukomera cyane kw'imbere, n'ubwiyongere bwa 40% mu gihe cyo kwihanganira umunaniro.

Igice cya 2: Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu mashini zikoresha ibiribwa

Ibisabwa: Irinda ingese kandi yoroshye kuyisukura.

Guhitamo ibikoresho: Icyuma kidasesagura (nk'ubushyuhe bwa 440C) cyangwa ibumba kugira ngo hirindwe ingese n'ubwandu.

Ingaruka zo Guhitamo Ibikoresho Bidakwiye

1. Igihe cyo kubaho kiragabanuka cyane

Imyanda myinshi cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ry’ikarubide ritaringaniye rituma umunaniro ugabanuka, bigabanya igihe cyo kuyikoresha ho 30% kugeza kuri 50%.

2. Gutsindwa gutunguranye

Ingano nyinshi ya hydrogen ituma utudomo tw’umweru ducika, kandi icyuma gihinduka gitunguranye mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa.

3. Ibiciro byiyongereye

Gusimbuza kenshi amaberiti bituma habaho igihombo mu gihe cyo kudakora. Iyo hatoranijwe ibikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora gutera inkongi z'umuriro mu bikoresho.

Ibikoresho Bisanzwe byo Gutwara Ibintu n'Ibintu Bikoreshwa

Ibiranga urwego rusanzwe n'ingero z'ikoreshwa ry'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho

Icyuma gifite chromium nyinshi ya karuboni GCr15 ni icyuma gikoreshwa mu nganda gifasha mu gukomera no kwangirika cyane

Ibyuma bya kaburimbo 20Cr2Ni4A birwanya ingaruka kandi bikomera ku buso bwa gari ya moshi n'ubw'uruganda ruzunguruka

Ibikoresho by'ibiribwa n'imiti birwanya ingese 440C/9Cr18 by'icyuma kidashonga

Si3N4/ZrO2 ya Ceramic irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, ifite ubucucike buke kandi yihuta cyane, ifite ikirere gishyushye

Ibikoresho byo mu rugo bikoresha pulasitiki PA66+GF30 byisiga amavuta, bidakoresha urusaku rwinshi, moteri nto

Binyuze mu ngamba zo guhitamo ibikoresho zisanzwe n'amabwiriza asanzwe, imikorere ya bearing ishobora kunozwa cyane kandi ikiguzi kikagabanuka. Niba ukeneye kumenya byinshi ku bisobanuro bya tekiniki cyangwa wifuza kumenya byinshi ku bisubizo bya sisitemu ya bearing, nyamuneka twandikire.