Indlela yokukhetha kahle izinto zokuthwala

Ekwakhiweni kwemishini, amabheringi, njengezingxenye zokudlulisa eziyinhloko, ukukhethwa kwawo kwezinto kunquma ngqo ukusebenza, isikhathi sokuphila kanye nokuthembeka kwemishini. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ngokuhlelekile amaphuzu ayinhloko okukhethwa kwezinto zokuthwala kusukela ezicini ezifana nezidingo zezinto, izimiso zokukhetha, izindlela, amazinga, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamacala, futhi sihlole imiphumela yokukhethwa kwezinto okungafanele ukusiza onjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi bemboni ekwenzeni ngcono amasu abo okukhetha.

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo Zezinto Zokuthwala

Izinto zokuthwala zidinga ukuhlangabezana nezinkomba zokusebenza eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi:

1. Ubumsulwa obuphezulu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwegesi

Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi (ezifana nama-oxide nama-nitride) ensimbini ethwalayo zingabangela ukugcwala kokucindezeleka, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kokukhathala noma emifantwini emincane. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuncibilikisa bunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kube ngaphansi kwe-10ppm ngokususa i-vacuum kanye nokuhluzwa kwesibili, okuthuthukisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila sento.

2. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-carbide

Ama-carbide afakwe uketshezi, ama-carbide ane-band kanye nama-carbide enethiwekhi anganciphisa impilo yokukhathala kwezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, lapho isilinganiso se-carbide ene-band sifinyelela ibanga lesi-3 kuya kwelesi-4, isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa ngo-30%.

3.Ubulukhuni obukhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka

Ubulukhuni bensimbi ethwala i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu esetshenziswa kakhulu (njenge-GCr15) kudinga ukufinyelela ku-HRc61 kuya ku-65 ukuze imelane nemithwalo ephezulu kanye nokungqubuzana okusheshayo.

4. Ukuqina kobukhulu kanye nokusebenza kokushisa

Izinto kufanele zibe ne-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa kanye nokuqhuba kahle kokushisa ukuvimbela ukuguguleka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Insimbi yokuthwala engamelana nokushisa (njenge-Cr4Mo4V) ingazivumelanisa nezimo ezingaphezu kuka-250℃.

5. Ukumelana nokugqwala

Insimbi engagqwali (njenge-440C) noma izinto zobumba zifanelekela izindawo ezingcolisayo, njengemishini yamakhemikhali noma amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle.

Izimiso Zokukhetha Izinto Zokuthwala

1. Isimiso sokufanisa ukusebenza

Khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza ezifana nomthwalo, isivinini sokujikeleza kanye nokushisa. Isibonelo:

Umthwalo onzima kakhulu: Insimbi yokuthwala ene-carburised (njenge-20CrNiMo) ithuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela ngokuqinisa ubuso.

Indawo yokushisa okuphezulu: Insimbi engamelani nokushisa (njenge-M50) noma izinto zobumba (njenge-Si3N4) ingamelana nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-300℃.

2. Isimiso sezomnotho

Linganisa izindleko kanye nokusebenza kwezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, i-GCr15 ikhethwa kakhulu kuneze-ceramic ezibiza kakhulu ezimweni zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.

3. Isimiso sokuthembeka

Izinto zokwakha zidinga ukuphumelela ekuhlolweni okuqinile (njengokulinganisa ubumsulwa kanye nokufana kwe-carbide) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.

4. Isimiso sokusimama

Nika kuqala ukukhetha izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha (njengensimbi) noma izinqubo zokusebenzisa amandla amancane (njengokuncibilikisa nge-vacuum) ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wemvelo.

Izindlela kanye namazinga okukhetha izinto zokuthwala

1. Inqubo yokukhetha izinto ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza

Isinyathelo 1: Cacisa izimo zokusebenza

Kubandakanya uhlobo lomthwalo (ongaguquki/oguquguqukayo), isivinini sokujikeleza, ububanzi bokushisa, indlela yokugcoba kanye nendawo yokuvikela imvelo.

Isinyathelo 2: Qondanisa izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo

Isivinini esiphezulu kanye nomthwalo olula: Amakheji epulasitiki (njenge-nylon eqinisiwe 66) anciphisa ukungqubuzana.

Insimbi enamandla kakhulu: Insimbi ekhabhoni noma insimbi engamelani nokushayisana kwekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo (njenge-G20CrNi2Mo).

Isinyathelo 3: Qinisekisa izindinganiso zezinto ezibonakalayo

Bheka amazinga kazwelonke (njenge-GB/T 3203) noma amazinga omhlaba wonke (njenge-ISO 683-17) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubulukhuni nobumsulwa bezinto zokwakha buyahlangabezana namazinga.

2. Izindinganiso zenkomba yokusebenza ezibalulekile

Inkomba idinga indlela yokuthola

Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni beRockwell kwamasongo ensimbi e-GCr15 kungu-HRc61 kuya ku-65

Okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini ≤10ppm (yensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu) indlela yokuncibilikisa igesi engasebenzi

Amabanga e-Carbide: ibhendi ≤2 grade, inethiwekhi ≤2.5 grade. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Metallographic microscope

Ukuhlaziywa Kwecala: Ukukhetha Izinto Zokusebenza Ezivamile

Icala 1: I-Wind Turbine main Ukuthwala Umgodis

Izimo zokusebenza: Isivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza, umthwalo osindayo, ukuqala nokuma okuvamile.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto: Insimbi ekhabhoni (njenge-18CrNiMo7-6) enokuqina kwendawo, ukuqina okuphezulu kwengaphakathi, kanye nokwanda okungu-40% kokumelana nokukhathala.

Icala 2: Ama-Bearings Emishini Yokudla

Izidingo: Ayigugi futhi kulula ukuyihlanza.

Ukukhetha izinto: Insimbi engagqwali (njenge-440C) noma i-ceramic ukugwema ukugqwala nokungcola.

Imiphumela Yokukhetha Izinto Ezingafanele

1. Isikhathi sokuphila sifushane kakhulu

Ukungcola okweqile noma ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwama-carbide kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhathala, kunciphisa impilo yokusebenza ngo-30% kuya ku-50%.

2. Ukwehluleka okungazelelwe

Okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ngokweqile kubangela ukuqhekeka kwamabala amhlophe, futhi i-bearing iphuka ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

3. Izindleko ezikhuphukile

Ukushintshwa njalo kwama-bearings kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Uma kukhethwa izinto ezingafanele ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kungabangela umlilo wemishini.

Izinto Zokuthwala Ezivamile Nezimo Ezisebenzayo

Izici ezijwayelekile zebanga kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo

Insimbi ephethe i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu i-GCr15 iyibhereji ejwayelekile yezimboni enobunzima obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka

Insimbi ekhabhoni engu-20Cr2Ni4A ayishayisani futhi iqiniswe ebusweni ukuze isetshenziswe kuma-bearings esitimela kanye nama-rolling mill.

Insimbi engagqwali engu-440C/9Cr18 ukudla kanye nemishini yamakhemikhali engagqwali

I-Ceramic Si3N4/ZrO2 emelana nokushisa okuphezulu, i-spindle yesivinini esiphezulu ephansi, i-aerospace

Izinto zasendlini ezisebenzisa ipulasitiki yobunjiniyela i-PA66+GF30 ezizigcobayo, ezinomsindo ophansi, ama-motor amancane

Ngokusebenzisa amasu okukhetha izinto ezihlelekile kanye nezinkomba ezijwayelekile, ukusebenza kwama-bearings kungathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi izindleko zingancishiswa. Uma udinga ukwazi imininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyengeziwe noma ufisa ukufunda kabanzi ngezixazululo zesistimu yama-bearings, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.