Momwe mungasankhire bwino zipangizo zonyamulira

Pakupanga makina, ma bearing, monga zigawo zotumizira ma core, kusankha kwawo zinthu kumatsimikizira mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, nthawi yogwira ntchito, komanso kudalirika kwa zidazo. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zazikulu za kusankha zinthu zonyamula ma bearing kuchokera kuzinthu monga zofunikira pa zinthu, mfundo zosankhira, njira, miyezo, ndi kusanthula milandu, ndikuwunika zotsatira za kusankha zinthu molakwika kuti athandize mainjiniya ndi akatswiri pantchito pokonza njira zawo zosankhira.

Zofunikira Zoyambira pa Zipangizo Zonyamulira

Zipangizo zonyamulira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito:

1.Kuyera kwakukulu ndi mpweya wochepa

Zinthu zomwe sizili zachitsulo (monga ma oxide ndi ma nitride) mu chitsulo chonyamula zinthu zimatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutopa kuchepe kapena kusweka pang'ono. Ukadaulo wamakono wosungunula zinthu umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kufika pansi pa 10ppm kudzera mu vacuum deoxidation ndi kuyeretsa kwachiwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ya moyo wa chinthucho ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

2. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala kofanana ndi kugawa kwa kabodi

Ma carbide okhala ndi madzi, ma carbide okhala ndi mipanda ndi ma network carbide amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yotopetsa ya zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mipanda ya carbide ifika pa giredi 3 mpaka 4, nthawi yotsala imachepetsedwa ndi 30%.

3.Kulimba kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala

Kulimba kwa chitsulo chonyamula chromium chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri (monga GCr15) chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chiyenera kufika pa HRc61 mpaka 65 kuti chipirire katundu wambiri komanso kukangana kwachangu.

4. Kukhazikika kwa magawo ndi magwiridwe antchito a kutentha

Zipangizozo ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ya kutentha komanso mphamvu yabwino yoyendetsera kutentha kuti zisawonongeke kutentha kwambiri. Chitsulo choteteza kutentha (monga Cr4Mo4V) chimatha kusintha kuti chigwirizane ndi malo opitilira 250℃.

5. Kukana dzimbiri

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (monga 440C) kapena zinthu zadothi ndizoyenera malo osungira zinthu zowononga, monga zida zamakemikolo kapena nsanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Mfundo Zosankha Zipangizo Zonyamulira

1. Mfundo yofananira magwiridwe antchito

Sankhani zipangizo kutengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito monga katundu, liwiro lozungulira komanso kutentha. Mwachitsanzo:

Kulemera kwakukulu: Chitsulo chonyamula zinthu chokhala ndi carburized (monga 20CrNiMo) chimathandizira kukana kugwedezeka kudzera mu kuuma kwa pamwamba.

Malo otentha kwambiri: Chitsulo chosagwira kutentha (monga M50) kapena zoumba (monga Si3N4) zimatha kupirira kutentha kopitirira 300℃.

2. Mfundo zachuma

Yesani kugawa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito a zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, GCr15 ndi yabwino kuposa zoumba zodula kwambiri pa ntchito yabwinobwino.

3. Mfundo yodalirika

Zipangizozo ziyenera kupambana mayeso okhwima (monga kuyera ndi kufanana kwa carbide) kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.

4. Mfundo yokhazikika

Sankhani zinthu zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso (monga chitsulo) kapena njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri (monga kusungunula vacuum) kuti muchepetse mavuto okhudzana ndi chilengedwe.

Njira ndi Miyezo Yosankhira Zipangizo Zonyamulira

1. Njira yosankhira zinthu kutengera momwe ntchito ikuyendera

Gawo 1: Kufotokozera bwino momwe zinthu zilili pa ntchito

Kuphatikizapo mtundu wa katundu (wosasinthika/wosinthasintha), liwiro lozungulira, kutentha kwapakati, njira yothira mafuta ndi malo osungira zinthu zachilengedwe.

Gawo 2: Gwirizanitsani zinthu zomwe zili mkati

Yothamanga kwambiri komanso yopepuka: Mabokosi apulasitiki (monga nayiloni yolimbikitsidwa 66) amachepetsa kukangana.

Cholemera kwambiri: Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburised kapena chitsulo cholimba cha carbon dioxide (monga G20CrNi2Mo).

Gawo 3: Tsimikizirani miyezo ya zinthu

Onani miyezo ya dziko (monga GB/T 3203) kapena miyezo yapadziko lonse (monga ISO 683-17) kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuuma ndi kuyera kwa zipangizozo zikugwirizana ndi miyezoyo.

2. Miyezo yofunika kwambiri ya magwiridwe antchito

Chizindikirocho chimafuna njira yodziwira

Mayeso a Rockwell a kuuma kwa mphete zachitsulo za GCr15 ndi HRc61 mpaka 65

Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxygen ≤10ppm (ya chitsulo chapamwamba) njira yosungunula mpweya wopanda mpweya

Magiredi a Carbide: gulu la ≤2 giredi, netiweki ≤2.5 giredi. Kusanthula kwa maikulosikopu ya Metallographic

Kusanthula Nkhani: Kusankha Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito Nthawi Zonse

Mlandu 1: Chida chachikulu chopangira mphepo Kunyamula Shafts

Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito: Liwiro lozungulira kwambiri, katundu wolemera, kuyamba ndi kuyima pafupipafupi.

Kusankha zinthu: Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi carburized (monga 18CrNiMo7-6) chokhala ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba, kulimba kwambiri kwapakati, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa 40% kwa moyo wopirira kutopa.

Nkhani yachiwiri: Mabeyala a Makina Opangira Chakudya

Zofunikira: Yosagwira dzimbiri komanso yosavuta kuyeretsa.

Kusankha zinthu: Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (monga 440C) kapena ceramic kuti mupewe dzimbiri ndi kuipitsidwa.

Zotsatira za Kusankha Zinthu Zosayenera

1. Nthawi ya moyo yafupikitsidwa kwambiri

Kuipitsidwa kwambiri kapena kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa ma carbide kumapangitsa kuti kutopa kuchepe, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wa ntchito ndi 30% mpaka 50%.

2. Kulephera mwadzidzidzi

Kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni kumayambitsa ming'alu ya madontho oyera, ndipo bearing imasweka mwadzidzidzi ikugwira ntchito.

3. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama

Kusintha ma bearing pafupipafupi kumabweretsa kutayika kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Ngati chinthu cholakwika cholimba kutentha kwambiri chasankhidwa, chingayambitse moto pazida.

Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito Pamodzi ndi Zochitika Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a kalasi ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito mitundu ya zinthu

Chitsulo chokhala ndi chromium ya kaboni yambiri GCr15 ndi fanizo la mafakitale lomwe lili ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukana kuvala

Chitsulo cha carburised 20Cr2Ni4A sichimakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa nthaka komanso chimalimba pamwamba pa nthaka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa sitima yapamtunda komanso pa mabearing a mill.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 440C/9Cr18 zida za chakudya ndi mankhwala zomwe sizingadzimbidwe ndi dzimbiri

Si3N4/ZrO2 ya Ceramic yolimba kutentha kwambiri, spindle yothamanga kwambiri, komanso yolimba kwambiri

Zipangizo zapakhomo za PA66+GF30 zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yodzipangira yokha, yopanda phokoso lalikulu, ndi ma mota ang'onoang'ono

Kudzera mu njira zosankhidwa mwadongosolo komanso maumboni okhazikika, magwiridwe antchito a ma bearing akhoza kusinthidwa kwambiri ndipo ndalama zitha kuchepetsedwa. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zaukadaulo kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mayankho a makina o bearing, chonde musazengereze kulankhulana nafe.