Indlela yokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izinto zokuthwala

Kuyilo lwemishini, iibheringi, njengezinto eziphambili zokuhambisa, ukukhethwa kwezinto zazo kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ubomi kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ngokucwangcisiweyo amanqaku aphambili okukhethwa kwezinto zeebheringi kwiinkalo ezifana neemfuno zezinto, imigaqo yokukhetha, iindlela, imigangatho, kunye nohlalutyo lwamatyala, kwaye lihlolisise iziphumo zokukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga ukunceda iinjineli kunye neengcali zoshishino ekuphuculeni amaqhinga abo okukhetha.

Iimfuneko eziSiseko zeZixhobo zokuthwala

Izixhobo zokuthwala kufuneka zihlangabezane neempawu zokusebenza ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima:

1.Ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye nomxholo ophantsi wegesi

Izinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi (ezifana nee-oxides kunye nee-nitrides) kwintsimbi yokubeka izinto zinokubangela uxinzelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni kokudinwa okanye ukuqhekeka okuncinci. Itekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa yanamhlanje inciphisa umxholo weoksijini ube ngaphantsi kwe-10ppm ngokukhupha i-vacuum deoxidation kunye nokucocwa okwesibini, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ubomi bezinto.

2. Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali olufana nolwahlulo lwekhabhayithi

Iikhabhide ezifakwe ulwelo, iikhabhide ezifakwe ibhendi kunye neekhabhide zenethiwekhi zinokunciphisa ubomi bokudinwa kwezinto. Umzekelo, xa umlinganiselo wekhabhide ezifakwe ibhendi ufikelela kwibanga lesi-3 ukuya kwelesi-4, ubomi buncitshiswa ngama-30%.

3.Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka

Ubunzima bentsimbi ethwala i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu esetyenziswa rhoqo (njenge-GCr15) kufuneka bufikelele kwi-HRc61 ukuya kwi-65 ukuze bumelane nemithwalo ephezulu kunye nokungqubana ngesantya esiphezulu.

4. Uzinzo olunemilinganiselo kunye nokusebenza kobushushu

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zibe ne-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa kobushushu kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu ukuthintela ukuguquguquka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Intsimbi yokuthwala enganyangekiyo kubushushu (njenge-Cr4Mo4V) inokuqhelana neendawo ezingaphaya kwama-250℃.

5. Ukumelana nokugqwala

Intsimbi engagqwaliyo (efana ne-440C) okanye izinto zeseramikhi zifanelekile kwiindawo eziphakathi ezirhabaxa, ezifana nezixhobo zeekhemikhali okanye amaqonga angaphandle kolwandle.

Imigaqo yokukhetha izixhobo zokuthwala

1. Umgaqo wokulinganisa ukusebenza

Khetha izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza ezifana nomthwalo, isantya sokujikeleza kunye nobushushu. Umzekelo:

Umthwalo ophezulu wokuchaphazela: Intsimbi yeebhereyitha ezinekhabhoni (njenge-20CrNiMo) yonyusa ukumelana nokuchaphazela ngokuqinisa umphezulu.

Indawo enobushushu obuphezulu: Intsimbi engatshisi ubushushu (njenge-M50) okanye iiseramikhi (ezifana ne-Si3N4) zinokumelana nobushushu obungaphezulu kwama-300℃.

2. Umgaqo wezoqoqosho

Linganisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza kwezinto. Umzekelo, i-GCr15 ikhethwa kakhulu kune-ceramics ezibiza kakhulu kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.

3. Umgaqo wokuthembeka

Izixhobo kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo olungqongqo (njengovavanyo lobumsulwa kunye nokulingana kwekhabhayithi) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.

4. Umgaqo wozinzo

Nika kuqala ukukhetha izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe (ezifana nentsimbi) okanye iinkqubo zokusebenzisa amandla amancinci (ezifana nokunyibilikisa i-vacuum) ukuze kuncitshiswe umthwalo onzima kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iindlela kunye neMigangatho yokukhetha izixhobo zokuthwala

1. Inkqubo yokukhetha izinto ezisekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza

Inyathelo 1: Cacisa iimeko zokusebenza

Kubandakanya uhlobo lomthwalo (ongashukumiyo/oguqukayo), isantya sokujikeleza, uluhlu lobushushu, indlela yokuthambisa kunye nendawo yokusingqongileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Thelekisa iipropati zezinto ezibonakalayo

Isantya esiphezulu kunye nomthwalo olula: Iikheyiji zeplastiki (ezifana ne-nylon eqinisiweyo 66) zinciphisa ukungqubana.

Intsimbi enamandla enefuthe elikhulu: Intsimbi ekhabhoni okanye intsimbi enganyangekiyo enefuthe eliphakathi (njenge-G20CrNi2Mo).

Inyathelo lesi-3: Qinisekisa imigangatho yezinto eziphathekayo

Jonga imigangatho yesizwe (efana ne-GB/T 3203) okanye imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-ISO 683-17) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubulukhuni kunye nobunyulu bezinto ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho.

2. Imigangatho yesalathiso sokusebenza esibalulekileyo

Isalathisi sifuna indlela yokuchonga

Uvavanyo lobunzima beRockwell kwiindandatho zentsimbi ze-GCr15 yi-HRc61 ukuya kwi-65

Umxholo weoksijini ≤10ppm (kwintsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu) indlela yokunyibilikisa igesi engafakwanga

Amanqanaba eCarbide: ibhendi ≤2 grade, inethiwekhi ≤2.5 grade. Uhlalutyo lwe-Metallographic microscope

Uhlalutyo lweTyala: Ukukhetha Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa

Ityala 1: I-Wind Turbine ephambili Ukuthwala iShafts

Iimeko zokusebenza: Isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza, umthwalo onzima, ukuqala nokuma rhoqo.

Ukukhetha izinto: Intsimbi ekhabhoni (efana ne-18CrNiMo7-6) enokuqina komphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-core, kunye nokwanda kwe-40% kubomi bokumelana nokudinwa.

Ityala lesi-2: Iibheringi zoomatshini bokutya

Iimfuno: Ayinamhlwa kwaye kulula ukuyicoca.

Ukukhetha izinto: Intsimbi engatyiwayo (efana ne-440C) okanye iseramikhi ukunqanda ukugqwala kunye nongcoliseko.

Iziphumo zoKhetho olungafanelekanga lwezinto

1. Ubomi bufutshane kakhulu

Ukungcola okugqithisileyo okanye ukusasazwa okungalinganiyo kweekhabhide kukhokelela ekudinweni, okunciphisa ubomi benkonzo ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50%.

2. Ukusilela ngequbuliso

Ubuninzi be-hydrogen bubangela ukuqhekeka kwamabala amhlophe, kwaye i-bearing iyaphuka ngequbuliso ngexesha lokusebenza.

3. Iindleko ezongeziweyo

Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kweebheringi kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni lixesha lokungasebenzi. Ukuba kukhethwe izinto ezingalunganga ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, zinokubangela umlilo kwizixhobo.

Izixhobo zokuthwala eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezisebenzayo

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zebanga kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kweentlobo zezinto eziphathekayo

Intsimbi ethwele i-chromium enekhabhoni ephezulu i-GCr15 yibhereji yemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi enobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka

Intsimbi ye-carburised 20Cr2Ni4A ayichaphazeleki kwaye iqiniswe ngumphezulu kwiibheringi zesitimela kunye nee-rolling mill

Izixhobo zokutya neekhemikhali ezingagqwaliyo ezingama-440C/9Cr18

I-Ceramic Si3N4/ZrO2 enokuchasana nobushushu obuphezulu, i-spindle yesantya esiphezulu enoxinano oluphantsi, kunye ne-aerospace

Izixhobo zasekhaya ezisebenzisa iplastiki yobunjineli i-PA66+GF30 ezizithambisa ngokwazo, ezingenangxolo iphantsi, iimoto ezincinci

Ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga okukhetha izinto ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neereferensi ezisemgangathweni, ukusebenza kweebheringi kunokuphuculwa kakhulu kwaye iindleko zinokuncitshiswa. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezithe vetshe okanye unqwenela ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nezisombululo zenkqubo yeebheringi, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi.