Ukukhetha kunye nokuthelekiswa kokusebenza kwezinto zokuthwala
Kwizixhobo zoomatshini, iibheringi, njengenye yezinto eziphambili, ukhetho lwezinto lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuthembeka kweebheringi. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokuthwala ziquka intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu, intsimbi ye-alloy, intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye neeseramikhi, njl. Ukusebenza, iingenelo kunye nokungalungi, kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa kwezinto nganye zahlukile. Xa ukhetha izinto zokuthwala, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuzivumelanisa nobushushu. Eli nqaku liza kuqhuba uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweempawu zokusebenza kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zokuthwala kwaye lihlolisise isiseko sokukhethwa kwazo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Izixhobo zokuthwala intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu
1. Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo
Intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu (njenge-AISI 52100) yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokuthwala, enobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ihlala iphucula ubunzima kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka ngonyango lobushushu (njengokucima kunye nokushisa). Umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu uphezulu, uhlala usuka kwi-0.95% ukuya kwi-1.05%.
2. Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
Ukuqina: Emva konyango lokucima, ubunzima be-high-carbon Iibheringi zentsimbi inokufikelela kwi-HRC60-65, inokumelana okunamandla nokucinezelwa okugqwesileyo kokuguguleka.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka: Intsimbi enekhabhoni eninzi inokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa phantsi komthwalo ophakathi kunye neemeko zesantya esiphantsi.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nezinto zeseramikhi, intsimbi enekhabhoni eninzi ayinamandla okugqwala kwaye idla ngokuba nomhlwa kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezigqwalileyo.
3. Ububanzi besicelo
Iibheringi zentsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezinemithwalo ephantsi ukuya kwephakathi, ingakumbi kwiimeko apho kufuneka ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, njengakwiimoto zombane, iimoto kunye nezixhobo zoshishino.
Izixhobo zokuthwala zentsimbi ye-alloy
1. Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo
Izinto zokuthwala intsimbi ye-alloy zihlala zibhekisa ekongezweni kwezinto zokuxuba (ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-vanadium, njl.njl.) kwintsimbi ye-carbon ephezulu ukuphucula ukusebenza. Izinto zokuthwala intsimbi ye-alloy eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-AISI 8620, i-AISI 4320, njl.njl.
2. Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
Ubunzima: Iibheringi zentsimbi ye-alloy zinokufikelela kubunzima obuphezulu ngonyango lobushushu, oluqhele ukuhluka ukusuka kwi-HRC55 ukuya kwi-62, kwaye zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka: Izinto ezixutyiweyo (ezifana ne-chromium) zinokuphucula kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezinto, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinomthwalo omkhulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi ye-alloy kuye kwaphuculwa, kodwa izinto ezingqongileyo kusafuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinomswakama onamandla okanye ukugqwala kweekhemikhali, ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo lunokufuneka.
3. Ububanzi besicelo
Iibheringi zentsimbi ye-alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kwi-aerospace, koomatshini abanzima nakwizixhobo ezithwala umthwalo omninzi, kwaye zifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokusebenza ezithwala umthwalo omninzi, ezikhawulezayo nezihlala ixesha elide.
Izixhobo zokuthwala zentsimbi engagqwaliyo
1. Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo
Izixhobo zokuthwala intsimbi engagqwaliyo zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Izixhobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-AISI 440C, i-AISI 304, njl. I-AISI 440C yintsimbi engagqwaliyo enobunzima obuphezulu esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa.Ukuthwala Indandathokwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima.
2. Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
Ukuqina: Ukuqina kweebheringi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ze-AISI 440C kunokufikelela kwi-HRC58-62. Nangona iphantsi kuneyentsimbi ye-alloy, isasebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiindawo ezinobuthi obukhulu.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka: Nangona ukumelana nokuguguleka kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kungalunganga njengokumelana nokuguguleka kwentsimbi ye-alloy kunye ne-ceramics, kwanele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi kwindawo enomswakama.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Eyona nzuzo inkulu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo kukuxhathisa kwayo ukugqwala, ngakumbi efanelekileyo emanzini olwandle, ukugqwala kweekhemikhali okanye kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
3. Ububanzi besicelo
Iibheringi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zifanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo, ezifana nokulungiswa kokutya, izixhobo zonyango, ubunjineli bolwandle, njl.
Izixhobo zokuthwala zeCeramic
1. Iimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo
Iibheringi zeCeramic (ezifana ne-silicon nitride kunye ne-alumina) zihlala zenziwe ngezinto zeseramikhi kwaye zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zokungqubana eziphantsi. Iibheringi zeseramikhi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko zokusebenza zobugcisa obuphezulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza eziqatha.
2. Uhlalutyo lweNtsebenzo
Ubunzima: Ubunzima bezinto zeseramikhi buphezulu kakhulu, buhlala bufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-HRC80, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke kwiimeko zomthwalo omninzi kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka: Ukumelana nokuguguleka kweebheringi zeseramikhi kungaphezulu kakhulu kunokwezinto zesinyithi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu nezomileyo.
Ukumelana nokugqwala: Iibheringi zeseramikhi zinokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kwaye zinokusebenza ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu, ngakumbi ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezineelwelo kunye neegesi ezigqwalayo.
Ukungqubana okuphantsi: Iibheringi zeseramikhi zine-coefficient ephantsi kakhulu yokungqubana kwaye zifanelekile kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezikhawulezayo.
3. Ububanzi besicelo
Iibheringi zeseramikhi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto ezinesantya esiphezulu, izixhobo zonyango, inqwelo-moya, iimeko zokusebenza ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye neendawo ezishushu kakhulu ezifuna ukungabikho kokuthambisa ixesha elide.
Isishwankathelo soKhetho lwezinto zokuthwala
Iibheringi ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zineengenelo kunye nemida yazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo zokuthwala kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwezixhobo zoomatshini. Nazi ezinye zemigaqo eqhelekileyo yokukhetha izinto:
Intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu: Ifanelekile kwimithwalo ephakathi nephantsi kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu.
Intsimbi ye-alloy: Ifanelekile kwizixhobo ezinomthwalo ophezulu, isantya esiphezulu kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide, kwaye inokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye namandla.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo: Ifanelekile kwizixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njengokucubungula ukutya kunye nokucubungula iikhemikhali.
Izixhobo zeseramikhi: Zifanelekile kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ezikhawulezayo, ezishushu kakhulu nezingenazithambiso, ezifana neenqwelo-moya, izixhobo zokuchaneka, njl.
Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neentlobo zeebheringi kunokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuthwala imithwalo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Emva kokuqonda iimpawu zokusebenza kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, sinokukhetha izinto zokuthwala ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo, uyilo kunye nokugcinwa, iibheringi zinokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, zinceda izixhobo zoshishino zisebenze ixesha elide kwaye zisebenze kakuhle.
