Kusankha ndi kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a zipangizo zonyamulira
Mu zida zamakina, ma bearing, monga chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri, kusankha zinthu kumatsimikiza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, moyo wautumiki komanso kudalirika kwa ma bearing. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zobearing zimaphatikizapo chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri, chitsulo cha alloy, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zoumba, ndi zina zotero. Magwiridwe antchito, ubwino ndi kuipa, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya chinthu chilichonse ndi zosiyana. Posankha zipangizo zobearing, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa, monga kuuma, kukana kuwonongeka, kukana dzimbiri, ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Nkhaniyi ichita kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zobearing ndikuwunika maziko osankhidwira mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Zipangizo zonyamulira zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri
1. Makhalidwe azinthu
Chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri (monga AISI 52100) ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zodziwika bwino zoperekera zinthu, chomwe chili ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kukalamba. Nthawi zambiri chimawonjezera kuuma ndi kukana kukalamba kudzera mu kutentha (monga kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa). Kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri kumakhala kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 0.95% mpaka 1.05%.
2. Kusanthula Magwiridwe Antchito
Kuuma: Pambuyo pochotsa mankhwala, kuuma kwa mpweya wambiri Zitsulo Zopangira Ma Bearing imatha kufika pa HRC60-65, yokhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kopsinjika komanso kukana bwino kwambiri kuvulala.
Kukana kuvala: Chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri chimakhala ndi kukana kuvala bwino ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala katundu wapakati komanso liwiro lochepa.
Kukana dzimbiri: Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zinthu zadothi, chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri chimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kochepa ndipo chimatha kuchita dzimbiri m'malo onyowa kapena owononga.
3. Chiwerengero cha ntchito
Ma bearing achitsulo chambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamakanika zomwe zimakhala ndi katundu wochepa mpaka wapakati, makamaka pakakhala kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kuwonongeka, monga m'magalimoto amagetsi, magalimoto ndi zida zamafakitale.
Zipangizo Zopangira Chitsulo cha Aloyi
1. Makhalidwe azinthu
Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zachitsulo cha alloy nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuwonjezera zinthu zogwirira ntchito (monga chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, ndi zina zotero) ku chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zachitsulo cha alloy zimaphatikizapo AISI 8620, AISI 4320, ndi zina zotero.
2. Kusanthula Magwiridwe Antchito
Kulimba: Ma bearing achitsulo a alloy amatha kukhala olimba kwambiri kudzera mu kutentha, nthawi zambiri kuyambira HRC55 mpaka 62, ndipo ali ndi kukana bwino kwambiri kuwonongeka.
Kukana kuvala: Zinthu zosakaniza (monga chromium) zimatha kukulitsa kwambiri kukana kuvala kwa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala ntchito yolemera kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri.
Kukana dzimbiri: Poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cha kaboni wambiri, kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulo cha alloy kwakula, koma zinthu zachilengedwe ziyenera kuganiziridwabe. Makamaka m'malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi champhamvu kapena dzimbiri la mankhwala, chitetezo chowonjezera chingafunike.
3. Chiwerengero cha ntchito
Ma bearing achitsulo a alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto, m'ndege, m'makina olemera komanso m'zida zonyamula katundu wambiri, ndipo ndi oyenera makamaka pa ntchito yonyamula katundu wambiri, yothamanga kwambiri komanso yayitali.
Zipangizo zonyamula zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
1. Makhalidwe azinthu
Zipangizo zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi monga AISI 440C, AISI 304, ndi zina zotero. AISI 440C ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu.Kuchitira Mphetendipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta.
2. Kusanthula Magwiridwe Antchito
Kulimba: Kulimba kwa mabearing achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri a AISI 440C kumatha kufika pa HRC58-62. Ngakhale kuti ndi yotsika kuposa yachitsulo chosakanikirana, imagwirabe ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo omwe amawononga kwambiri.
Kukana kuvala: Ngakhale kuti kukana kuvala kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikwabwino ngati chitsulo cha alloy ndi zoumbaumba, ndikokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira nthawi zina, makamaka m'malo ozizira.
Kukana dzimbiri: Ubwino waukulu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kukana dzimbiri kwabwino kwambiri, makamaka koyenera madzi a m'nyanja, dzimbiri la mankhwala kapena malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri.
3. Chiwerengero cha ntchito
Ma bearing achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zomwe zimafuna kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso malo oyera, monga kukonza chakudya, zida zachipatala, uinjiniya wa m'madzi, ndi zina zotero.
Zipangizo Zopangira Ceramic
1. Makhalidwe azinthu
Mabearing a Ceramic (monga silicon nitride ndi alumina) nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zadothi ndipo ali ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kusagwirizana pang'ono. Maberiya adothi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ogwirira ntchito apamwamba komanso ovuta kwambiri.
2. Kusanthula Magwiridwe Antchito
Kuuma: Kuuma kwa zinthu zadothi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumafika pamwamba pa HRC80, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali.
Kukana kuvala: Kukana kuvala kwa maberiya a ceramic ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa kwa zipangizo zachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala kutentha kwambiri komanso kouma.
Kukana dzimbiri: Maberiya a ceramic ali ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta kwambiri, makamaka oyenera malo okhala ndi zakumwa ndi mpweya wowononga.
Kukangana kochepa: Maberiya a ceramic ali ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya kukangana ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri.
3. Chiwerengero cha ntchito
Maberiya a ceramic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma injini othamanga kwambiri, zida zachipatala, ndege, malo ogwirira ntchito otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri, komanso malo ovuta kwambiri omwe amafunika kusowa mafuta kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chidule cha Kusankha Zinthu Zopangira
Maberiya opangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ali ndi ubwino ndi zofooka zawo pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito. Kusankha bwino zipangizo zoberekera ndiye chinsinsi chotsimikizira kuti zipangizo zamakanika zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndi mfundo zina zodziwika bwino posankha zinthu:
Chitsulo chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri: Choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zapakati ndi zochepa komanso mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yomwe imafuna kuuma kwambiri.
Chitsulo cha alloy: Ndi choyenera zida zokhala ndi katundu wambiri, liwiro lalikulu komanso ntchito yayitali, ndipo chimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuwonongeka komanso mphamvu zambiri.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Choyenera zida zomwe zimafuna kukana dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, monga kukonza chakudya ndi kukonza mankhwala.
Zipangizo za Ceramic: Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zapadera zothamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri komanso zosapaka mafuta, monga ndege, zida zolondola, ndi zina zotero.
Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera ndi mitundu ya mabearing kungathandize kukweza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa zida ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera.
Kusankha zipangizo zonyamulira katundu kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa zida. Tikamvetsetsa momwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwirira ntchito, titha kusankha zipangizo zoyenera zonyamulira katundu kutengera momwe zinthu zilili kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso moyenera. Kudzera mu kusankha, kupanga ndi kukonza koyenera, mabearing amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuthandiza zida zamafakitale kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso moyenera.
