Uphuhliso lwehlabathi
Uphuhliso lweebheringi zehlabathi ludlule kwizigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, sibizwa ngokuba sisigaba sokuqala soshishino lweebheringi zehlabathi. Eli nqanaba libonakaliswa sisikali semveliso encinci, izixhobo ezikrwada kunye netekhnoloji yokubuyela umva. Inkqubo yemveliso yenziwe ngesandla kwaye ifana neworkshop, kwaye izixhobo ikakhulu ziyintsimbi yekhabhoni. Ke ngoko, ukuchaneka kweebheringi akuphezulu kwaye ixabiso libiza kakhulu. Ukongeza, iintlobo zeebheringi zilinganiselwe kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo nako kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, itekhnoloji yemveliso yeebheringi yayisesandleni seenkampani ezimbalwa e-UK, eJamani, eSweden, nase-United States.
Isigaba sesibini lixesha lokukhula kweshishini leebhereyitha zehlabathi, ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala ukuya ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi zavuselela uphuhliso lweshishini lezomkhosi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekunyukeni kwesimo seebhereyitha kwicandelo lezomkhosi. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nesidingo esingxamisekileyo sezixhobo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ishishini leebhereyitha zehlabathi likhule ngokukhawuleza. Ubungakanani bemveliso bukhule kakhulu kwaye imveliso ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Imveliso yonyaka yamazwe amakhulu avelisa iibhereyitha idlula iiseti ezingama-35 ezigidi. Izixhobo zemveliso ziphucukile ngakumbi kwaye zamkela imveliso yobuninzi beqela. Ukongeza, izixhobo zebhereyitha ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zenziwe ngeentsimbi ze-alloy ezifana nentsimbi ye-chromium, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso uphuculwe kakhulu. Iindidi zeebhereyitha ziye zanda, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto, kwiinqwelomoya, kwiitanki, kwizithuthi ezixhobileyo, kwizixhobo zoomatshini, kwizixhobo, kwiimitha, kwiimashini zokuthunga nakwamanye amasimi.
Isigaba sesithathu, isigaba sophuhliso lweshishini elithwala ihlabathi, saqala ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kwaye siyaqhubeka nanamhlanje. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, uqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe lwachacha kwaye lwachuma, kwaye uluntu lwangena kwixesha elitsha lophuhliso olunoxolo. Eli xesha likwabone inkqubela phambili kwi-aerospace kunye namandla enyukliya.
Ngokukhawulezisa namhlanje, ishishini leebhereyitha lehlabathi lenze inkqubela phambili enkulu. Ubungakanani bemveliso buyaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye iindlela zobugcisa ziya ziphucuka ngakumbi. Iindidi zeebhereyitha ziye zanda ngakumbi kwaye ngoku zisetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso kunye nezicelo.
Namhlanje, ishishini leebhereyitha kwihlabathi liphela lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni amashishini ahlukeneyo kuquka iimoto, izindiza, oomatshini kunye nokwakha. Iibhereyitha ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwezithuthi, iinqwelomoya, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso kwanezixhobo zasekhaya.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokuthwala izinto kukwakhokelele ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemveliso, ukuchaneka kunye nokuqina kwayo. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezixhomekeke kwiibheringi ukuze zisebenze kakuhle.
Ukongeza, imfuno yehlabathi yokuthwala imithwalo iyaqhubeka nokukhula, iqhutywa kukukhula kwemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye nokwandiswa kophuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso. Ke ngoko, abavelisi beemithwalo bebesebenza nzima ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezintsha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezitshintshayo zamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza, inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ivule indlela yokuphuhliswa kweebheringi ezikhethekileyo kwizicelo ezithile, ezifana neebheringi zobushushu obuphezulu kwiifenitshala zoshishino, iibheringi ezingamelani nokugqwala kwizicelo zaselwandle, kunye neebheringi ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwimishini ephambili.
Ikamva leshishini leebhereyitha kwihlabathi liphela liyathembisa, kunye nemisebenzi yophando nophuhliso eqhubekayo ejolise ekuphuculeni ngakumbi ukusebenza kweebhereyitha, ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo. Njengoko kugxilwe kakhulu ekuzinzeni nasekusebenziseni kakuhle amandla, kukho ingqwalasela ekhulayo ekuphuhliseni izisombululo zeebhereyitha ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Lilonke, uphuhliso lweshishini leebhereyitha kwihlabathi luyamangalisa, ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo okuphantsi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukuya kwindawo yalo yangoku njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubela phambili kushishino lwanamhlanje kunye netekhnoloji. Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka lihambela phambili, indima yeebhereyitha ekuqhubeni ubuchule kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumashishini onke kulindeleke ukuba ibaluleke ngakumbi kwiminyaka ezayo.
