Intuthuko yokuthwala umhlaba
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-bearings omhlaba kudlule ezigabeni ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, sibizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuqala semboni yama-bearings omhlaba. Lesi sigaba sibonakala ngesilinganiso esincane sokukhiqiza, imishini eluhlaza kanye nobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iyindlela yesandla neye-workshop, kanti izinto zokwakha ziyinsimbi yekhabhoni ikakhulukazi. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kwama-bearings akuphezulu futhi intengo iyabiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zama-bearings zilinganiselwe futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo nakho kuncane kakhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-bearings babusezandleni zezinkampani ezimbalwa e-UK, eJalimane, eSweden nase-United States kuphela.
Isigaba sesibili yisikhathi sokukhula kwemboni yokuthwala izikhali emhlabeni, kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe I kuya ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Izimpi zomhlaba ezimbili zavuselela intuthuko yemboni yezempi, okwaholela ekukhuleni kwesimo sama-bearings ensimini yezempi. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esiphuthumayo sezikhali ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, imboni yokuthwala izikhali emhlabeni ikhule ngokushesha. Izinga lokukhiqiza likhule kakhulu futhi umkhiqizo ukhule ngokushesha. Umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamazwe amakhulu akhiqiza ama-bearings udlula amasethi ayizigidi ezingu-35. Imishini yokukhiqiza ithuthuke kakhulu futhi isebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba yamaqoqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokuthwala izikhali zenzelwe izinsimbi zokuxuba ezifana nensimbi ye-chromium, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zama-bearings zikhuphukile, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, ezindizeni, emathangini, ezimotweni ezihlomile, amathuluzi omshini, izinsimbi, amamitha, imishini yokuthunga kanye neminye imikhakha.
Isigaba sesithathu, isigaba sokuthuthuka kwemboni ethwala umhlaba, saqala ngawo-1950 futhi siyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umnotho wamazwe ngamazwe wasimama futhi wachuma, futhi isintu sangena enkathini entsha yentuthuko enokuthula. Lesi sikhathi sabona nentuthuko kwezindiza kanye namandla enuzi.
Siqhubekela phambili namuhla, futhi imboni yokuthwala izinsimbi emhlabeni ithuthuke kakhulu. Izinga lokukhiqiza liyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi izindlela zobuchwepheshe ziyathuthuka kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zama-bearings ziye zanda kakhulu futhi manje zisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza.
Namuhla, imboni yokuthwala imithwalo emhlabeni idlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni izimboni ezahlukene okuhlanganisa izimoto, izindiza, imishini kanye nokwakha. Ama-bearings aseyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwezimoto, izindiza, imishini yezimboni ngisho nezinto zasendlini.
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuthwala imithwalo iholele nasekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunemba kanye nokuqina. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kwemishini nemishini ethembele kuma-bearings ukuze isebenze kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo somhlaba wonke sokuthwala imithwalo siyaqhubeka nokukhula, siqhutshwa ukukhula kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye nokwanda kwentuthuko yengqalasizinda. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bemithwalo bebesebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshayo zezimboni ezahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ivule indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwama-bearings akhethekile ezicelo ezithile, njenge-bearings ezishisa kakhulu zezitofu zezimboni, ama-bearings amelana nokugqwala ezicelo zasolwandle, kanye nama-bearings anembe kakhulu emishinini ethuthukile.
Ikusasa lemboni yamabhereli emhlabeni liyathembisa, ngemisebenzi yocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamabhereli, ukuthembeka kanye nempilo yesevisi. Njengoba kugxilwe kakhulu ekusimeni nasekusebenziseni kahle amandla, kugxilwe kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo zamabhereli ezinobungani nemvelo.
Sekukonke, intuthuko yemboni yokuthwala izimpahla emhlabeni iyamangalisa, kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okuphansi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya esikhundleni sayo samanje njengengxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko yemboni yesimanje kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokuthuthuka, indima yokuthwala izimpahla ekushayeleni izinto ezintsha kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izimboni kulindeleke ukuthi ibaluleke nakakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.
