Te whanaketanga o te ao

E toru ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o ngā peera o te ao. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi, mai i te mutunga o te rautau 19 ki te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, e kiia ana ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te umanga peera o te ao. Ko tēnei wāhanga he iti te tauine whakaputa, he taputapu mata, he hangarau tawhito. He ā-ringa te tukanga whakaputa, he rite ki te awheawhe, ā, ko ngā rauemi he maitai waro te nuinga. Nō reira, kāore i te teitei te tika o ngā peera, ā, he nui te utu. Hei tāpiri, he iti noa ngā momo peera, ā, he tino iti hoki ō rātou whakamahinga. I tēnei wā, he torutoru noa ngā kamupene i te UK, Tiamana, Huitene, me te Hononga o Amerika i raro i te mana o te hangarau whakaputa peera.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te wā tipu o te umanga amo o te ao, mai i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao ki te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. Nā ngā pakanga e rua o te ao i whakaoho te whanaketanga o te umanga hōia, ā, i piki ake ai te mana o ngā amo i roto i te ao hōia. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau me te hiahia nui mō ngā patu i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kua tere te tipu o te umanga amo o te ao. Kua tino whānui te tauine o te whakaputanga, ā, kua tere te tipu o te putanga. Neke atu i te 35 miriona huinga te putanga ā-tau o ngā whenua whakaputa amo nui. He matatau ake ngā taputapu whakaputa, ā, e whakamahi ana i te whakaputanga papatipu tautau. Hei tāpiri, kua whakawhanakehia ngā rauemi amo ki ngā maitai koranu pērā i te maitai chromium, ā, kua tino pai ake te kounga o te hua. Kua piki ake te momo amo, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā motuka, ngā waka rererangi, ngā tāke, ngā waka patu, ngā taputapu mīhini, ngā taputapu, ngā mita, ngā mīhini tuitui me ētahi atu mara.

Ko te wāhanga tuatoru, arā, te wāhanga whanaketanga o te umanga kawe ao, i tīmata i te tekau tau atu i 1950, ā, kei te haere tonu ki tēnei rā. I muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i ora ake te ōhanga o te ao, ā, i tino angitu, ā, ka uru te tangata ki tētahi wā hou o te whanaketanga rangimārie. I kitea anō hoki i tēnei wā ngā whanaketanga o te ao rererangi me te pūngao karihi.

I tēnei rā, kua tino ahu whakamua te umanga peera o te ao. Kei te whānui haere tonu te rahinga o te whakaputanga, ā, kei te matatau haere ngā tikanga hangarau. Kua piki haere tonu te maha o ngā momo peera, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi me ngā tono.

I ēnei rā, he mea nui te mahi a te umanga peera o te ao ki te tautoko i ngā momo ahumahi tae atu ki te motuka, te rererangi, te mīhini me te hanga. Kua noho ngā peera hei wāhanga nui o te whakahaere o ngā waka, ngā waka rererangi, ngā mīhini ahumahi, tae atu ki ngā taputapu o te whare.

Nā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau peera kua piki ake te kounga o te hua, te tika me te roa. Ka piki ake te whai huatanga me te mahi a ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā peera hei whakahaere maeneene.

Hei tāpiritanga, kei te piki haere tonu te tono mō ngā peera o te ao, nā te tipu o te ahumahi o te ao me te whānui haere o te whanaketanga hanganga. Nō reira, kua kaha te mahi a ngā kaihanga peera ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga auaha hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hurihuri o ngā ahumahi rerekē.

Hei tāpiritanga, kua whakawāteahia e ngā whanaketanga hangarau te ara mō te whanaketanga o ngā peera motuhake mō ngā tono motuhake, pērā i ngā peera pāmahana-tiketike mō ngā oumu ahumahi, ngā peera ātete-waikura mō ngā tono moana, me ngā peera tino tika mō ngā mīhini matatau.

He mea whakamīharo te heke mai o te umanga peera o te ao, me ngā mahi rangahau me te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te mahi peera, te pono me te roa o te ratonga. I te mea e tipu haere ana te arotahi ki te pumau me te whai hua o te pūngao, kei te piki haere te arotahi ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga peera e pai ana ki te taiao.

I te nuinga o te wā, he mea whakamiharo te whanaketanga o te umanga peera o te ao, mai i tōna tīmatanga iti i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa ki tōna tūranga o nāianei hei wāhanga nui o te ahumahi hou me te ahunga whakamua hangarau. I te haere tonu o te ao ki te ahu whakamua, e matapaetia ana ka nui ake te hiranga o te tūranga o ngā peera ki te akiaki i te auahatanga me te whai huatanga puta noa i ngā ahumahi i ngā tau e haere ake nei.